Allen v. Hickman
| Decision Date | 02 July 1963 |
| Docket Number | No. 39859,39859 |
| Citation | 383 P.2d 676 |
| Parties | Oliver Wayne ALLEN, Sr., Plaintiff in Error, v. Billy Regina HICKMAN, Joe Hickman, Jr., and Mrs. Joe Hickman, Jr., Defendants in Error. |
| Court | Oklahoma Supreme Court |
Syllabus by the Court
1. Where an infant defendant is sued in her own name, and no guardian ad litem is appointed as required by 12 O.S.1961 § 228, and such fact is called to the court's attention after all parties have presented their cases in chief, it is not error for the trial court to dismiss the case as to such infant defendant, without prejudice.
2. Where, in the trial of a law action, at the close of all the evidence there is no evidence tending to support plaintiff's cause of action, it is the duty of the trial court, when requested so to do, to withdraw the case from the jury and enter judgment for the defendant.
Appeal from the District Court of Oklahoma County; Glen O. Morris, Judge.
Action by plaintiff Oliver Wayne Allen, Sr., against a minor defendant, Billy Regina Hickman, in her own name, and her parents, Joe Hickman, Jr., and Mrs. Joe Hickman, Jr., for damages resulting from an automobile accident. From the judgment directing a verdict for the defendant parents, and dismissing the case as to the minor defendant, plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.
Durward K. McDaniel, W. D. Crabtree, Oklahoma City, for plaintiff in error.
Pierce, Mock, Duncan, Couch & Hendrickson, by James S. Steph, Oklahoma City, for defendants in error.
In the trial court, plaintiff Allen sued the defendants for damages for injuries resulting from an automobile accident between vehicles driven by plaintiff and defendant Billy Regina Hickman, the minor daughter of defendants Joe Hickman, Jr., and Mrs. Joe Hickman, Jr. The minority of Billy Regina Hickman was pleaded in plaintiff's petition.
The record shows that no guardian ad litem was appointed for Billy Regina Hickman, and that no request for such an appointment was ever made, although this point was noted at pre-trial conference on March 29, 1960. Trial was not had until about eight months later.
At the conclusion of the evidence, the court sustained motions for directed verdicts as to the parents, and sustained a demurrer as to the minor daughter, and plaintiff appeals.
As to the minor daughter, the record shows conclusively that the case was dismissed because no guardian ad litem had been appointed as required by 12 O.S.1961 §§ 228 and 229. This action by the trial court was proper. The appointment of a guardian ad litem for an infant defendant is not a mere formality, but has for its basis the protection of the rights of one under disability. While it is true that a judgment rendered against an infant not represented by a guardian ad litem is not void, but only voidable, as held in the only authority cited by plaintiff on this point, that is not the precise question before us at this time, since no judgment was actually entered against the minor defendant. We are also aware that the appointment of a guardian ad litem during the course of trial may serve to validate otherwise objectionable proceedings against an infant daughter, if such is done in time to adequately protect the interests of such defendant. In the instant case, however, the matter of the absence of a guardian ad litem apparently escaped the court's attention until both plaintiff and defendants had completed their cases in chief, although it had been mentioned at pre-trial conference about eight months earlier. It is extremely doubtful that an appointment of a guardian ad litem at that stage of the trial could have been said to be in time to adequately protect the minor interests.
Also, the fact that, as in this case, an infant defendant is actually reprsented at the trial by his parents, or that adult defendants whose interests are the same as those of the infant are making proper defense by their counsel, does not cure failure to have a guardian ad litem appointed to represent the infant. 27 Am.Jur. Infants, Sec. 120.
In this case, the minor defendant filed no cross petition, and did not otherwise affirmatively invoke the jurisdiction of the court in her behalf, as was done in Stephenson v. Stephenson, 196 Okl. 623, 167 P.2d 63.
We hold that the action of the court in dismissing the case without prejudice to refiling (12 O.S.1961 § 100), as to the minor defendant, under the circumstances shown to exist, was not error.
The parents were sued in this case on the theory that they had knowingly permitted an unqualified and unlicensed driver, their minor daughter, to operate the automobile which was involved in the accident. See 47 O.S.1951 § 308 (now repealed); see also Berg v. Bryant, Okl., 305 P.2d 517.
On the question of whether the parents knowingly permitted their daughter to drive the car, as raised and argued in plaintiff's propositions 2 and 4, the evidence most favorable to plaintiff was his own testimony as follows, concerning a statement made by the girl at the scene of the accident:
'* * * She stated that her mother had given her the keys with permission to drive it around the house. * * *.'
On cross examination the plaintiff testified as follows:
'Q. Now, you say you talked to this little girl after the accident, is that right?
'A. Yes, sir.
'Q. And she said her mother had left her the key so she could drive it in yard?
'A. Yes, sir; around the house.
'Q. Around the house?
'A. Yes, sir.
'Q. She didn't say anything about driving it in the roadway?
'A. No, sir. * * *.
'Q. Let me ask you this, if you didn't testify to this in your deposition:
'Did you say where her mother told her to practice driving?
Although there was redirect and recross examination of plaintiff, there was no further testimony on this particular subject.
In his brief on appeal, plaintiff cites Lambert v. Rainbolt, 207 Okl. 451, 250 P.2d 459; Moore v. Dobyns, 186 Okl. 273, 97 P.2d 79, and other cases in support of the well established rule that a demurrer admits the truth of the evidence, and the inferences to be drawn therefrom, in favor of the party against whom such demurrer is directed; and the evidence favorable to the party urging the demurrer is to be disregarded, and the trial court is not permitted to weigh conflicting evidence. He also cites the correct rule that a demurrer to plaintiff's evidence will be treated as a motion for directed verdict.
He argues, in effect, that the court in this case should have considered only the testimony that the minor de...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Kennedy v. Secretary of Health
...a minor who is not represented by a guardian ad litem, it is voidable."); Lane v. Snitz, 389 P.2d 962, 964 (Okla. 1964); Allen v. Hickman, 383 P.2d 676, 678 (Okla. 1963); Stephenson v. Stephenson, 167 P.2d 63, 65 (Okla. 1946) (failure to provide proper representation of a minor or incompete......
-
Gomes v. Hameed
...suit or proceeding. When a judgment is rendered against a minor who is not represented by a guardian ad litem, it is voidable. Allen v. Hickman, 1963 OK 156, ¶ 4, 383 P.2d 676; Stephenson v. Stephenson, 1945 OK 159, ¶ 5, 167 P.2d 32. See, Tanner v. Schultz, note 28, supra; In re Hildebrand'......
-
Nesbitt v. Nesbitt
...167 P.2d 63, 65 (1946); State ex. rel. Richey v. Superior Court for King County, 59 Wash.2d 872, 371 P.2d 51, 55 (1962); Allen v. Hickman, 383 P.2d 676, 678 (Okl.1963); Lane v. Snitz, 389 P.2d 962, 964 (Okl.1964); Savage v. Rowell Distributing Co., 95 So.2d 415, 418 (Fla.1957). Our Rule 17(......
-
Frost v. Blockwood
...a default judgment against him. For our construction of Sec. 228, supra, see Johnston v. Guy, supra; Bailey v. Brown, supra, Allen v. Hickman, okl., 383 P.2d 676; and Lane v. Snitz, Okl., 389 P.2d We will now consider the law applicable to service upon a minor. Title 12 O.S.1961, § 169, pro......