Allen v. Rossi

• Decision Date: 13 June 1929
• Parties: ALLEN v. ROSSI.
• Court: Maine Supreme Court

146 A. 692

ALLEN

v. ROSSI.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

June 13, 1929.

On Motion from Superior Court, Androscoggin County.

Action by Charles W. Allen against Frank Rossi. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendant moves for a new trial. Motion sustained. New trial granted as to damages.

Argued before WILSON, C. J., and DUNN, STURGIS, BARNES, PATTANGALL, and FARRINGTON, JJ.

Tascus Atwood, of Auburn, for plaintiff.

Oakes & Farnum, of Auburn, for defendant.

DUNN, J. There are two counts. One, for criminal conversation aggravated by the wrongful alienation of the plaintiff's wife's affections, which, by implication, the defendant carried to himself; the other, for the alienation only.

Plaintiff prevailed with the jury. No special finding was made. The award of damages is general in the sum of $6,474.17. On the grounds that the verdict is against evidence, contrary to law, and that the damages are excessive, defendant moves for a new trial.

Speaking on the subject of the first count, there is warrant for the verdict to the utmost allegation, in rational connection between the fact proved and that which the jury ultimately inferred.

To press onward in inquiry, the sole question remaining is about the damages. Are they clearly excessive?

Married in 1905, plaintiff and his wife, the age of neither being stated, lived in the marital relation until one day in August of 1928, when separation ensued. The wife left her husband. It seems fair inference that she then left their 12 year old daughter too.

"Things, perhaps, might not have been as smooth as they should have been, * * * she had found fault about my actions at the house" (meaning his habit of tracking dirt from the barn), testified the plaintiff, (but) "I have no fault to find up to early last spring (1928) * * * I have nothing to complain. She made a nice home for me."

Plaintiff and defendant were thrown into acquaintance in 1923 when the former had employment for himself and team under the oversight of the latter. In the fall defendant came to plaintiff's to board and stayed a few weeks. He boarded there three months the next year. Afterwards, throughout four years, though living elsewhere, defendant was often at plaintiff's house.

In 1927, in plaintiff's absence, a neighbor unexpectedly knocked at his door. Defendant, his clothing in disorder, hastened to the shed. Plaintiff's wife, excited in manner and her countenance flushed, came from the room defendant had left.

At midnight plaintiff's wife's automobile stood, unoccupied, on a side road, a mile from her house. Near her automobile was the defendant's automobile, stopped, only he and she in it, a robe covering her head.

The two were riding at 3 o'clock in the morning on a city street.

They were frequently at public dances in the nighttime until small hours. They met, from time to time, at the home of the wife's sister, and together went away in daylight.

Six weeks before the instant action was begun, plaintiff learned of the house and automobile incidents. Before this point of time he had no suspicion of assignation, nor was he apprehensive of alienation.

He interviewed the defendant, who denied attachment for the wife. Later, defendant admitted he had said to the wife that which was to the wrong of the plaintiff.

Without alluding to other testimony, such were features of importance at the trial, on the side of the plaintiff.

Defendant swore to facts of tendency to show that his conduct had not given plaintiff a cause of action. Relations with the wife had been friendly, nothing more, with plaintiff's approbation, is, in epitome, what the defendant testified.

The wife flatly contradicted her husband's contentions. She bore witness that his unkind treatment, borne for their child's sake, coupled with her husband's slovenliness, and intensified by his unsavory behavior with other women, destroyed domestic happiness, weaned her affection for him, and drove her to quit her husband and his house.

Testimony corroborative, in part, of that by the wife, was introduced.

Apparently the testimony for the defense was not given credit by the jury.

What, in a case such as this, is the measure of relief which the law affords?

The gist of the distinct actionable torts of criminal conversation and alienation of affections is the loss of the property right of consortium. Valentine v. Pollak, 95 Conn. 556, 111 A. 869; Bigaouette v. Paulet, 134 Mass. 123, 45 Am. Rep. 307; Evans v. O'Connor, 174 Mass. 287, 54 N. E. 557, 75 Am. St. Rep. 316. The literature of the law emphasizes the society', comfort, and assistance which the wife, having affection for her husband, would have afforded him, had he not been deprived thereof, intentionally and unlawfully, by art and contrivance. So, damages are recoverable for the loss of the conjugal fellowship of the wife, her company, co-operation, and help in every connubial relation; damages also for mental suffering.

These are the elements by way of compensation. From the nature of things they are difficult to be estimated. There might be every variety of cases. They vary very much. For instance, a hideous case which takes affection from the household. And there might be a case where the degree of affection which could be supposed to have existed would be so slight or small that the loss would be regarded as of little moment, comparatively speaking. Between these extremes there might be a medium ground, according to the picture of the home life.

Social rank and influence, which the reputation for wealth goes to make up, may make compensable injury from a wrongful act the greater. Humphries v. Parker, 52 Me. 502. Indifferent or repugnant attitude of mind on the part of the wife toward her husband may mitigate compensatory damages, in proportion to the circumstances in evidence. Cutter v. Cooper, 234 Mass. 307, 316, 125 N. E. 634. The value of the performance of the duty to support, clothe, and care for her may lessen the amount of compensable injury. Prettyman v. Williamson, 1 Pennewill (Del.) 224, 39 A. 731.

Where a tort is malicious, wanton, or willful, damages, called interchangeably exemplary, punitive, or vindictive damages, which would be beyond a compensation or satisfaction for the injury, may be superadded to compensatory damages by way of punishment and example. Goddard v. Grand Trunk Ry., 57 Me. 202, 2 Am. Rep. 39.

Criminal conversation furnishes the necessary foundation for punitive damages. Hargraves v. Ballou, 47 R. I. 186, 131 A. 643.

When imposed, punitive damages are not in the sense of, or as a substitute for criminal punishment. State v. Shevlin-Carpenter Co., 99 Minn. 158, 108 N. W. 935, 9 Ann. Cas. 634. Punitive damages are distinguishable from a fine. A fine is imposed on a person for a past violation of law, while punitive damages have reference rather to the future than to the past conduct of the offender, as an admonition to him not to repeat the offense, and to deter others from the commission of like offenses. 8 R. C. L. 594. Touching such damages, it is not the reputation for pecuniary ability, but pecuniary ability itself, which is of consequence. The reason is that may be excessive punishment to one man which is slight or no punishment at all to...