Ambrose v. Catholic Social Services, Inc.
| Decision Date | 02 July 1999 |
| Docket Number | No. 98-2631.,98-2631. |
| Citation | 736 So.2d 146 |
| Parties | Marion AMBROSE, f/k/a Marion Pellicano, Appellant, v. CATHOLIC SOCIAL SERVICES, INC., etc., Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Cass W. Christenson and Louis M. Silber of Lewis, Vegosen, Rosenbach, Silber & Dunkel, P.A., West Palm Beach, Bennett Cohn, Tesuque, New Mexico, for Appellant.
Robert J. Pleus, Jr., and Stacey L. Cole of Akerman, Senterfitt & Eidson, P.A., Orlando, for Appellee.
The trial court dismissed with prejudice Marion Ambrose's five-count complaint against Catholic Social Services, Inc. (CSS), concluding that her action was barred by Florida's statute of repose and statute of limitations.1 We reverse because the allegations set forth in Ms. Ambrose's complaint do not establish, as a matter of law, that her claims are time-barred.
Ms. Ambrose's complaint explained that, in June 1985, she completed an application to adopt a child through CSS. In the application, Ms. Ambrose specifically indicated that she did not want to adopt a special needs child. A child was born on July 31, 1985. On August 6, 1985, the child's biological father reported his medical history to CSS using a five-page form provided to him by CSS. On the first page of the form the father described his current health condition as being "very good." The final three pages of the form set forth a list of medical conditions, and the instructions directed the father to indicate whether he or a genetic relative suffered from any of the listed conditions by checking either "yes" or "no." Additional space was provided for the father to supplement his answers with comments. One of the conditions listed on the form was manic depression. The father entered both a check mark and a question mark under the "yes" column relating to this condition. In the space for comments he wrote "mild, self analysis." The next day CSS sent the father's medical history form to the child's pediatrician with a cover letter stating: "There are no known hereditary diseases in the background."
Less than a week later, on August 12, 1985, CSS placed the child with Ms. Ambrose for adoption pending formal court approval. Prior to the entry of the final judgment of adoption, CSS provided the trial court with a health background report which did not include a reference to the father's statement regarding manic depression. The final judgment of adoption was entered by the court in October 1986.
Without referencing a specific date, the complaint alleged that after the 1986 adoption the child "began to show serious emotional and psychological symptoms and problems" which required extensive medical treatment. In response to these problems, Ms. Ambrose sought from CSS disclosure of additional health information regarding the child's biological parents. In February 1991, CSS sent Ms. Ambrose a revised medical history which included a reference to the biological father's answer to the question regarding manic depression. Again without alleging a specific date, the complaint stated that "subsequent to the revised disclosure [Ms. Ambrose] spoke with the biological mother, who confirmed that the biological father and his family had a history of mental illness." After receipt of this information, the child was diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder.
In July 1998, Ms. Ambrose filed suit seeking money damages, alleging that CSS placed the child with Ms. Ambrose without disclosing to her that the child's biological father had reported to CSS that he believed that he suffered from manic depression. The complaint further alleged that Ms. Ambrose was injured by this failure to disclose because she adopted a child who was later diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder, and she would not have adopted the child had she been informed of the biological father's medical history.2
Ms. Ambrose divided her claims for relief into five counts: count I—fraudulent misrepresentation/concealment; count II—negligent misrepresentation/failure to disclose; count III—breach of fiduciary duty; count IV—intentional infliction of emotional distress; and count V—negligent failure to investigate/warn. She properly recognizes that counts I, II, III, and IV allege fraudulent conduct and count V alleges negligence.
CSS filed a motion to dismiss the complaint arguing that dismissal was warranted because 1) the fraud claim was barred by Florida's twelve-year statute of repose and four-year statute of limitations, and 2) the negligence claim was barred by Florida's four-year statute of limitations. After conducting a hearing on the motion, the trial court dismissed Ms. Ambrose's complaint explaining:
Based upon the allegations of the Complaint, and the exhibits attached thereto, the Plaintiffs cause of action arose more than four (4) years prior to the filing of the Complaint, and the alleged fraud occurred more than twelve (12) years before the filing of the Complaint. As such the Complaint is barred by the statute of limitations and the statute of repose. The doctrine of fraudulent concealment of the cause of action to delay the accrual of the cause of action, or otherwise toll the running of the statute of limitations, does not apply to this action given the Florida Supreme Court's decision in Fulton County Administrator v. Sullivan, 22 Fla. L. Weekly S578, ___ So.2d ___, 1997 WL 589312 (Fla.1997), as followed by Hearndon v. Graham, 710 So.2d 87, 92 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).
This dismissal was with prejudice.
In reviewing this ruling we recognize first that ordinarily the statute of limitations should be raised as an affirmative defense. See Jelenc v. Draper, 678 So.2d 917, 919 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
; see also Khalaf v. City of Holly Hill, 652 So.2d 1246, 1247 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995). Only under extraordinary circumstances where the facts in the complaint, taken as true, conclusively show that the action is barred by the statute of limitations, should a motion to dismiss on this ground be granted. Id. Thus, notwithstanding the many interesting collateral issues presented in this appeal, the scope of our appellate review is narrow. Our only focus is whether the factual allegations set forth in Ms. Ambrose's complaint establish that her claims of fraud and negligence are barred by Florida's statute of repose or statute of limitations.
We first address the trial court's conclusion that Florida's statute of repose, section 95.031(2), Florida Statutes (1997), bars Ms. Ambrose's claims of fraud. The statute provides that "an action for fraud under s. 95.11(3) must be begun within 12 years after the date of the commission of the alleged fraud, regardless of the date the fraud was or should have been discovered." Id.
CSS argues that, for purposes of the statute of repose, the alleged fraud was committed by CSS no later than August 1985, the date when CSS sent the biological father's medical history to the child's pediatrician with a cover letter stating that "[t]here are no known hereditary diseases in the background." According to CSS, Ms. Ambrose's fraud claims are time-barred because the complaint was filed more than twelve years after the letter was sent. This argument fails because the complaint did not allege that CSS's duty to disclose the father's medical history ended in August 1985, but instead, averred that the duty continued through October 1986 when the adoption was approved by the circuit court.3 Based upon this averment, Ms. Ambrose had until October 1998 to file suit alleging fraud. Her July 1998 complaint was thus timely filed.
The next question is whether Ms. Ambrose's claims of fraud are barred under Florida's four-year statute of limitations relating to fraud, section 95.11(3)(j), Florida Statutes (1997). This four-year period begins to run "from the time the facts giving rise to the cause of action were discovered or should...
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