Anderson v. Leeke, 20771

• Decision Date: 02 October 1978
• Docket Number: No. 20771,20771
• Court: South Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: John Paul ANDERSON, Respondent, v. William D. LEEKE, Director of the Department of Corrections for the State of South Carolina, and the State of South Carolina, Appellants.

Page 120

248 S.E.2d 120

271 S.C. 435

John Paul ANDERSON, Respondent, v. William D. LEEKE, Director of the Department of Corrections for the State of South Carolina, and the State of South Carolina, Appellants.

No. 20771.

Supreme Court of South Carolina.

Oct. 2, 1978.

Atty. Gen. Daniel R. McLeod and Asst. Attys. Gen. Emmet H. Clair and Katherine W. Hill, Columbia, for appellants.

Betty McBride Sloan, Columbia, for respondent.

LITTLEJOHN, Justice:

Respondent John Paul Anderson (Anderson) was convicted of murdering his wife by drowning in December 1965, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. His conviction was affirmed by this court in State v. Anderson, 253 S.C. 168, 169 S.E.2d 706 (1969). Subsequently, Anderson petitioned the United States District Court for South Carolina for a writ of habeas corpus on the ground that the prosecution had failed to disclose exculpatory evidence in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). The district court granted relief on this basis and an appeal was taken by the State to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. That court vacated the order of the district court because of the failure of Anderson to exhaust state remedies. Thereafter, Anderson filed an application for post- conviction relief in the state circuit court. Following a hearing, the circuit court held that Anderson had been denied exculpatory material, in violation of Brady v. Maryland, supra, and directed the State to afford him a new trial. The State appeals.

The theory of the prosecution's case against Anderson was that he had held his wife under water until she drowned, in order that he could collect a $50,000.00 double-indemnity policy on her life, in which he was the beneficiary. It was inferred by the prosecution that bruises found on the deceased's body were inflicted by Anderson during the course of holding her under water. Dr. Charles Webb, a pathologist who had performed an autopsy on the body, gave the following testimony on behalf of the State in regard to the time that the bruises were inflicted:

"Q. All right, do you have an opinion as to whether or not the bruises on the arms occurred before or after death?

A. After death no, pardon me. Before death, definitely before death.

Q. The bruises on the arm were before death?

A. Yes."

On cross-examination by defense counsel, Dr. Webb testified as follows:

"Q. . . . (W)ere you able to tell on the evening of June the 19th with any degree of certainty how long previously this bruise, this faint bruise on the upper right arm from which you made the examination of the tissue, . . . how long prior to that it had occurred?

A. . . . It is my opinion that this bruise occurred during the final twelve hours of life.

Q. But you couldn't pinpoint it any closer than that?

A. No, sir."

Anderson testified that the bruises were caused at an earlier time while he was teaching his wife to scuba dive.

The evidence alleged to have been suppressed was the autopsy report prepared by Dr. Webb. In his report, Dr. Webb stated that his examination of the bruises indicated that the force which inflicted the bruises "did not occur immediately before death." Anderson maintains that this evidence was favorable to his case and had a material bearing on the question of guilt, and that the suppression of this evidence by the prosecution was violative of due process and denied him a fair trial. Brady v. Maryland, supra. It is Anderson's contention that this evidence would have enabled the defense to undermine the inference created by the prosecution's case that the bruises were inflicted during the alleged struggle which resulted in the deceased's death, and would have bolstered Anderson's explanation of when and how the bruises were caused.

The State argues that defense counsel was aware of the existence of the autopsy report, that it was on file in the coroner's office, and that it was therefore a matter of public record. Thus, the State contends that the autopsy report was equally available to the defense as to the prosecution, and that it is therefore not within the ambit of the holding in Brady v. Maryland, supra.

The heart of the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Brady is that:

"(T)he suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution." 83 S.Ct. at 1197.

Although not expressly stated in the opinion, we think it is implicit that the Brady rule applies only to favorable evidence which the prosecution has but which is Unavailable to the defendant. DeBerry v. Wolff, 513 F.2d 1336 (8th Cir. 1975). This is consistent with the conclusion reached by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in United States v. Soblen, 301 F.2d 236 (2nd Cir. 1962), Cert. den. 370 U.S. 944, 82 S.Ct. 1585, 8 L.Ed.2d 810, where it was held that:

"(W)hile the prosecution has the duty to disclose, on its own initiative, exculpatory facts within its exclusive control, (citation omitted), it has no such burden when the facts are readily available to a diligent defender." 301 F.2d at 242.

See, also, Ross v. Warden, Maryland Penitentiary, 1 Md.App. 46, 227 A.2d 42 (1967); Ward v. Turner, 12 Utah 2d 310, 366 P.2d 72 (1961), Cert. den. 371 U.S. 872, 83 S.Ct. 122, 9 L.Ed.2d 110.

A close reading of the Brady opinion supports the conclusion we reach. In explaining its holding, the Court stated:

"A prosecution that withholds evidence on demand of an accused which, If made available, would tend to exculpate him or reduce the penalty helps shape a trial that bears heavily on the defendant." 83 S.Ct. at 1197.

(Emphasis added.)

We think it is inferable from the foregoing statement that where evidence is equally available to the accused, the obligation on the part of the State to furnish such evidence to the accused is relieved.

It is apparent from the record that defense counsel was aware that an autopsy would be conducted and that an autopsy report would exist. In a postscript to a letter sent to the solicitor's office requesting the production of evidence favorable to the accused, defense counsel stated:

"Also, since the inquest will undoubtedly be delayed for some (time) because of Anderson's commitment to the State Hospital as proposed by you please make arrangements to have a copy of the autopsy report made available to us."

We agree with the lower court when it said that the solicitor acted in good faith. We also agree that a convicted person may be entitled to relief under Brady in spite of good faith. We think, however, that the trial judge erred in holding that the prosecuting attorney suppressed evidence within the meaning of Brady so as to result in the prejudice of Anderson's defense. Brady does not shift to the State the burden of gathering evidence for the defense. The very nature of defense counsel's request, as quoted above, shows that...