Andrews v. Piedmont Air Lines

• Decision Date: 12 December 1988
• Docket Number: No. 1284,1284
• Citation: 297 S.C. 367,377 S.E.2d 127
• Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Clarence ANDREWS, Appellant, v. PIEDMONT AIR LINES, Respondent. . Heard

Page 127

377 S.E.2d 127

297 S.C. 367

Clarence ANDREWS, Appellant, v. PIEDMONT AIR LINES, Respondent.

No. 1284.

Court of Appeals of South Carolina.

Heard Dec. 12, 1988.

Decided Feb. 6, 1989.

William M. Gordon and Barney O. Smith, Parham & Smith, Greenville, for appellant.

J. Brantley Phillips and Samuel W. Outten, Leatherwood, Walker, Todd & Mann, Greenville, for respondent.

PER CURIAM:

This is an action for intentional infliction of emotional distress, false imprisonment, and negligence. Clarence Andrews sued Piedmont Air Lines for an incident which occurred after Piedmont denied him boarding on a flight due to his physical incapacity to travel unaccompanied. The circuit court granted Piedmont's motion for summary judgment. Andrews appeals. We affirm.

In 1984, Andrews, a diabetic who had previously suffered a stroke, was admitted to Greenville Memorial Hospital for circulatory problems in his right leg. As a result of the stroke, his speech was slurred, he drooled, and his left side was paralyzed. Unfortunately, the treatment for his leg was unsuccessful and it had to be amputated above the knee. During the recovery period, the hospital contacted Andrews' daughter in Florida and asked if her father could live with her. She agreed and the hospital arranged the trip.

A hospital social worker, Andrew Irwin, telephoned Piedmont and reserved a seat for Andrews. Piedmont informed Irwin that the airline had guidelines governing travel by unaccompanied physically handicapped passengers. Under the guidelines, Piedmont would accept the passenger if he (1) could use the lavatory without assistance, (2) was able to sit in a normal sitting position with the seatbelt properly fastened, and (3) required no assistance eating.

In December 1984, the hospital discharged Andrews and took him by ambulance to the Greenville/Spartanburg Airport. He was placed in an airport wheelchair and taken to the Piedmont ticket counter. He purchased a ticket and was wheeled to the gate area to wait for his flight. While waiting to embark, Andrews asked other passengers for cigarettes and asked a passenger to tie his leg to the wheelchair. The supervisor of airport security notified Milton Ward, the Piedmont station manager, of a potential problem at the departure gate.

When Ward arrived at the gate, he found Andrews slumped over in the wheelchair with saliva drooling out of the side of his mouth. Ward questioned Andrews about his ability to go to the bathroom by himself. He received a negative answer. Since Andrews did not meet Piedmont's guidelines, Ward kept him off the flight. Andrews was removed from the passenger waiting area to an area adjacent to the Piedmont office and ticket counter. Piedmont telephoned the hospital to come get Andrews.

Upon receipt of Piedmont's call, Irwin went to the airport and found Andrews in a wheelchair. He called the hospital requesting an ambulance and remained with Andrews, one and a half to two hours, until it arrived. Andrews returned to the hospital and alternate travel plans were arranged.

I.

We first address the action for negligence. To recover for negligence Andrews must show (1) a duty of care owed by the defendant to the plaintiff; (2) a breach of that duty by a negligent act or omission; and (3) damage proximately resulting from the breach. South Carolina Insurance Company v. James C. Greene & Co., 290 S.C. 171, 348 S.E.2d 617 (Ct.App.1986). The absence of any one of these elements renders the cause of action insufficient. South Carolina State Ports Authority v. Booz-Allen & Hamilton, 289 S.C. 373, 346 S.E.2d 324 (1986).

Andrews does not contest Piedmont's refusal to board him. He complains of his treatment after he left the boarding gate. Assuming Piedmont breached a duty of care by leaving him alone in the area adjacent to the ticket counter, Andrews still has not shown damages resulting from the breach.

On appeal, Andrews asserts that Piedmont's negligent conduct caused him to suffer damages in the form of expenditures for lodging at the hospital and emotional discomfort to him and his family. These claims will not support an action for negligence. The additional hospital stay was required because Andrews had no place to go after Piedmont refused to let him board. These costs would have been incurred regardless of Piedmont's conduct after Andrews left the boarding gate. Thus, they are not damages proximately caused by the actions complained of. Mere emotional discomfort is not an actionable damage, even if it results from the defendant's lack of due care. See Dooley v. Richland Memorial Hospital, 283 S.C. 372, 322 S.E.2d 669 (1984).

Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to Andrews, he has failed to allege any damages. The absence of damage proximately resulting from the alleged breach renders his cause of action insufficient.

II.

Next, Andrews alleges Piedmont's actions were so extreme and outrageous as to support a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress, i.e., the tort of outrage. To state a claim for outrage, the plaintiff must allege: (1) conduct by the defendant which is atrocious, utterly intolerable in a civilized community, and so extreme and outrageous as to exceed all possible bounds of decency; (2) the defendant acted with intent to inflict emotional distress or acted recklessly...