Anthony H. v. John G.
| Decision Date | 10 May 1993 |
| Parties | ANTHONY H. & others 1 v. JOHN G. & others. 2 |
| Court | United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court |
Thomas M. Grady and John J. St. Andre, Jr., Framingham, for plaintiffs.
John F. Hurley, Jr., Worcester, for John G.
Cynthia J. Cohen, Boston, for A.D.G. and another.
Before LIACOS, C.J., and NOLAN, LYNCH, O'CONNOR and GREANEY, JJ.
In this case, there was evidence that would warrant the jury's conclusion that the defendant sexually abused a five and one-half year old boy, whom we shall call Anthony. Over a seven-year period from the spring of 1978 to the spring of 1985, Anthony slept at the defendant's house in the defendant's bedroom with the door closed, in the defendant's bed, approximately once or twice each month. Anthony's older brother, whom we shall call Jeremy (older by two years), usually slept in the same room in a sleeping bag on the floor. In this span of time, Anthony was sexually abused between eighty-one and 162 times.
In the spring of 1984, when he was eleven years old, Anthony's behavior at home and in school started to deteriorate. He became angry with his father, refused to go to school, and fought with Jeremy. He "was out of control" at the end of May, 1985, and threatened suicide. Taken to a hospital and physically restrained, he declared that he wanted to die. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospital and was discharged seven weeks later. Not until the end of August, 1985, did Anthony and Jeremy disclose the sexual abuse perpetrated by the defendant to their mother, who reported it to the police.
In the summer of 1983 Anthony began to abuse his younger brother, whom we shall call James, sexually in a game devised by Anthony. This conduct continued into the summer of 1988 when one of their sisters observed them. Anthony was then fifteen years old and James was twelve years old. James then began calling Anthony a "[p]ervert" and a "child molester."
Anthony became increasingly sad and angry, began to smoke marihuana on a regular basis and to drink beer. He then succumbed to LSD and cocaine by the ninth grade.
In 1986, the defendant pleaded guilty to indictments charging indecent assault and battery on Anthony and on Jeremy and unnatural sexual intercourse with Anthony. He was sentenced to prison. In April, 1990, when Anthony learned that the defendant would soon be eligible for parole, he became apprehensive about what he might say or do to the defendant. Anthony was drinking heavily and took seven "hits" of LSD which made him think that he was dying and that his wrists, neck, and arms were bleeding. He was committed to a psychiatric facility.
At the time of trial of his civil case against the defendant, Anthony was undergoing therapy in a community day center and he continued to be treated by the psychologist who had begun treating him in 1984. This civil action was brought in the name of Anthony by his parents to recover against the defendant for his sexual abuse and against the mother and aunt of the defendant for their negligence in failing to inform Anthony's parents or otherwise prevent the defendant from harming Anthony. The action was also brought in the name of James, Anthony's brother, by his parents for negligence and intentional infliction of emotional distress against the defendant based on the defendant's conduct against Anthony which allegedly resulted in Anthony's sexual abuse of James. The jury awarded Anthony and James substantial damages against the defendant and a more modest award to Anthony against the mother and the aunt. The trial judge allowed the defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict as to James and denied Anthony's motion for a new trial against the mother and the aunt.
1. James's appeal. At the close of the evidence, the judge submitted certain questions to the jury concerning the defendant's conduct as it affected James. The jury responded affirmatively to questions whether the defendant engaged in reckless conduct which he knew or should have known would likely result in emotional distress to James, and whether such conduct was extreme and outrageous, beyond all possible bounds of decency, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community. The jury also found that such conduct caused severe emotional distress to James, and assessed damages. There was no evidence that the defendant ever directly sexually assaulted James.
Another set of questions elicited answers favorable to James on the issue of negligence. The jury found that (1) Anthony's sexual abuse of James was similar to that perpetrated by the defendant on Anthony, (2) the defendant's conduct was a substantial contributing factor in causing Anthony to abuse James sexually, (3) it was reasonably foreseeable that Anthony would duplicate the defendant's conduct on James and, consequently, (4) the defendant's sexual abuse of Anthony was negligent as to James. Damages were awarded.
The judge allowed the defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, from which James appeals. See Mass.R.Civ.P. 50(b), 365 Mass. 814 (1974). There was no error. In evaluating a judge's action on a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, we apply the same standard that is applicable to a motion for directed verdict, i.e., whether in the evidence any combination of circumstances could be found from which a reasonable inference could be drawn in favor of the plaintiff. Miles v. Edward O. Tabor, M.D., Inc., 387 Mass. 783, 785-786, 443 N.E.2d 1302 (1982), and cases cited.
James is mistaken in relying on Nancy P. v. D'Amato, 401 Mass. 516, 519-523, 517 N.E.2d 824 (1988), in his claim for recovery for intentional infliction of emotional distress. In D'Amato, we followed Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46(2) (1965), which requires plaintiffs such as James to be present at the time of the defendant's misconduct toward Anthony. Id. at 521-522, 517 N.E.2d 824. We...
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