Archey v. Carnahan

• Decision Date: 21 August 2012
• Docket Number: No. WD 75047.,WD 75047.
• Citation: 373 S.W.3d 528
• Parties: Janey ARCHEY, et al., Appellants, v. Robin CARNAHAN, Missouri Secretary of State, Respondent, Nancy Rice, et al., Intervenors/Respondents.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

373 S.W.3d 528

Janey ARCHEY, et al., Appellants,

v. Robin CARNAHAN, Missouri Secretary of State, Respondent,Nancy Rice, et al., Intervenors/Respondents.

No. WD 75047.

Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District.

Aug. 21, 2012.

Anthony E. Rothert, Grant R. Doty, St. Louis, MO, for appellants.

Chris Koster, Attorney General, Jeremiah J. Morgan, Deputy Solicitor General, Jefferson City, MO, for Respondent Carnahan.

Marc H. Ellinger and Stephanie S. Bell, Jefferson City, MO, for Intervenors/Respondents Nancy Rice and A Safer Missouri.

Before Division II: JOSEPH M. ELLIS, Presiding Judge, and ALOK AHUJA and MARK D. PFEIFFER, Judges.

MARK D. PFEIFFER, Judge.

Janey Archey, Jamala Rogers, Johnson Lancaster, and Justin M. Stein III (“Appellants”) appeal the Judgment of the Circuit Court of Cole County, Missouri (“trial court”), approving the summary statement of an initiative petition ballot title. In their sole point on appeal, Appellants assert that the trial court erred in finding that the summary statement certified by the Secretary of State was fair and sufficient. We affirm.

Factual and Procedural Background

The Appellants brought a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the summary statement of the official ballot title of a proposed initiative petition that would repeal sections 84.010 and 84.220; amend sections 86.200, 86.213, and 105.726; and enact new sections 84.341, 84.342, 84.343, 84.344, 84.345, 84.346, and 84.347, relating to the establishment of a municipal police force by the City of St. Louis. The parties submitted the case to the trial court on stipulated facts.

A sample sheet for a proposed initiative petition regarding local control, version 7 (“Initiative Petition”), was submitted to Missouri Secretary of State Robin Carnahan (“Carnahan”). Carnahan sent a proposed summary statement for the initiative petition to the Missouri attorney general for review and approval, pursuant to section 116.334.¹ A few days later, the Missouri state auditor's office sent Carnahan the fiscal note summary approved by the attorney general's office, as well as the fiscal note. Thereafter, the attorney general sent an opinion letter to Carnahan approving the legal content and form of the summary statement. On December 21, 2011, pursuant to section 116.180, Carnahan certified the official ballot title of the Initiative Petition (“Official Ballot Title”). The summary statement of the Official Ballot Title of the Initiative Petition (“Summary Statement”) certified by Carnahan read:

Shall Missouri law be amended to:

• allow any city not within a county (the City of St. Louis) the option of transferring certain obligations and control of the city's police force from the board of police commissioners currently appointed by the governor to the city and establishing a municipal police force;

• establish certain procedures and requirements for governing such a municipal police force including residency, rank, salary, benefits, insurance, and pension; and

• prohibit retaliation against any employee of such municipal police force who reports conduct believed to be illegal to a superior government agency, or the press?

On December 30, 2011, Appellants filed suit against Carnahan, challenging the Official Ballot Title of the Initiative Petition. Nancy Rice and A Safer Missouri, a Chapter 130 political action committee (“Intervenors”), were granted leave to intervene as a matter of right under Rule 52.12(a)(2). On March 8, 2012, the trial court entered judgment in favor of Carnahan and the Intervenors, finding that Carnahan's summary statement was fair and sufficient. Appellants timely filed their notice of appeal.

Standard of Review²

The proper standard of review for this bench-tried case based on a joint stipulation of facts is found in Schroeder v. Horack, 592 S.W.2d 742, 744 (Mo. banc 1979). Mo. Prosecuting Attorneys v. Barton Cnty., 311 S.W.3d 737, 740 (Mo. banc 2010); Overfelt v. McCaskill, 81 S.W.3d 732, 735 (Mo.App. W.D.2002), superseded in part by statutes, §§ 116.175.5 & 116.190.4 (providing remedy for insufficient or unfair ballot titles). Because the case was submitted on stipulated facts and did not involve the trial court's resolution of conflicting testimony, our review is not governed by Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976); rather, “ ‘the only question before this court is whether the trial court drew the proper legal conclusions from the facts stipulated.’ ” Schroeder, 592 S.W.2d at 744 (quoting Drysdale v. Cornerstone Bank, 562 S.W.2d 182, 183 (Mo.App.1978)). Thus, our review is de novo. Mo. Mun. League v. Carnahan, 303 S.W.3d 573, 580 (Mo.App. W.D.2010).

Analysis

When an initiative petition for a statutory change is proposed, it is the secretary of state's responsibility to certify the official ballot title of the initiative. § 116.180. The official ballot title consists of two parts: a summary statement and a fiscal note summary. § 116.010(4). This official ballot title is attached to the initiative petition as it circulates for signatures and appears on the ballot on election day. § 116.010(4). Section 116.190 provides a means for citizens to challenge the language of an official ballot title or fiscal note in circuit court.

In their sole point on appeal, Appellants contend that the trial court erred in finding that the summary statement contained in the official ballot title was fair and sufficient. Appellants do not dispute that the summary as prepared is a fair and sufficient summary of provisions in the proposed initiative; instead, they claim that the summary statement is unfair and insufficient because it inadequately and with bias, prejudice, deception, and favoritism failed to advise voters of two additional consequences of the proposed initiative: (i) exempting the St. Louis Police Department from application of the Sunshine Law, and (ii) requiring the Director of Revenue to disclose tax information, that is otherwise confidential, to the St. Louis Police Department.

The summary statement prepared by the secretary of state to describe the initiative must not exceed one hundred words and “shall be in the form of a question using language neither intentionally argumentative nor likely to create prejudice either for or against the proposed measure.” § 116.334. Within the 100–word limitation, the summary statement “is not required to set out the details of the proposal or resolve every peripheral question related to it.” Mo. Mun. League, 303 S.W.3d at 586. “When a party challenges the language of the summary statement, ‘[t]he burden is on the opponents of the language to show that the language was insufficient and unfair.’ ” Overfelt, 81 S.W.3d at 738 (quoting Hancock v. Sec'y of State, 885 S.W.2d 42, 49 (Mo.App. W.D.1994)). “[I]nsufficient means inadequate; especially lacking adequate power, capacity, or competence” and “unfair means to be marked by injustice, partiality, or deception.” Brown v. Carnahan, 370 S.W.3d 637, 653 (Mo. banc 2012) (internal quotation omitted). “To create ... a summary statement that is not insufficient or unfair, the summary statement must be adequate and state the consequences of the initiative without bias, prejudice, deception, or favoritism.” Id. “The language used should fairly and impartially summarize the purposes of the measure so that voters will not be deceived or misled.” Id. (internal quotation omitted). The summary statement “should accurately reflect the legal and probable effects of the proposed initiative.” Id. First, Appellants contend that the Initiative Petition would preclude accused police officers and the public from their statutory right of access under the Sunshine Law to investigative reports where a crime, or suspected crime, by a police officer is investigated. They suggest that the summary statement should be revised to state that the proposed law would “[e]xempt the St. Louis police force from certain provisions of the Sunshine Law.”

The Sunshine Law defines an “investigative report” as “a record, other than an arrest or incident report, prepared by personnel of a law enforcement agency, inquiring into a crime or suspected crime, either in response to an incident report or in response to evidence developed by law enforcement officers in the course of their duties.” § 610.100.1(5). Under the Sunshine Law, investigative reports are closed records until the investigation becomes inactive. § 610.100.2.

The Initiative Petition does not refer to investigative reports prepared during a criminal inquiry. Rather, the Initiative Petition refers to “records prepared for disciplinary purposes.” Initiative Petition § 84.344.8. The Initiative Petition provides that if the city elects to establish a municipal police force, then the civil service commission of the city may adopt rules and regulations for the police department's operation. Id. Those civil service rules and regulations shall provide that records prepared for disciplinary purposes shall be confidential, closed records, available solely to the civil service commission and to “those who possess authority to conduct investigations regarding disciplinary matters pursuant to the civil service commission's rules and regulations.” Id. Similarly, the Sunshine Law authorizes a public governmental body to close its records relating to the “[h]iring, firing, disciplining or promoting of particular employees ... when personal information about the employee is discussed or recorded.” § 610.021(3) (emphasis added). Thus, because the Initiative Petition's confidentiality provision for disciplinary reports does not have the effect of exempting the St. Louis Police Department from application of the Sunshine Law, Appellants have not shown that the omission of this alleged consequence makes the summary statement insufficient or unfair.

Second, Appellants contend that the Initiative Petition gives the St. Louis Police Department access to confidential tax records from the Department of...