Bageris v. Brandon Twp.

• Decision Date: 22 December 2004
• Docket Number: Docket No. 249008.
• Parties: Christopher BAGERIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BRANDON TOWNSHIP, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

691 N.W.2d 459

264 Mich. App. 156

Christopher BAGERIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BRANDON TOWNSHIP, Defendant-Appellee.

Docket No. 249008.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted September 8, 2004, at Detroit.

Decided October 21, 2004, at 9:00 a.m.

Released for Publication December 22, 2004.

Law Offices of Frank J. Kokenakes, PLC (by Frank J. Kokenakes), Livonia, for the plaintiff.

Johnson, Rosati, LaBarge, Aseltyne & Field, P.C. (by Marcia L. Howe, Laura S. Amtsbuechler, and Carlito H. Young), Farmington Hills, for the defendant.

Before: SCHUETTE, P.J., and BANDSTRA and METER, JJ.

BANDSTRA, J.

In this claim for failure to accommodate disability, plaintiff appeals as of right the trial court order granting summary disposition in favor of defendant pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). We conclude that plaintiff failed to adequately inform defendant of his alleged disability, resulting in no duty to accommodate. We affirm.

Basic Facts

Plaintiff began working with defendant's fire department as a part-time firefighter in 1997. In December 2001, plaintiff applied for one of three full-time firefighter/paramedic positions that became available. The selection process involved a three-part examination consisting of practical, written, and oral portions. Plaintiff scored seventh, among as many applicants, with a combined test score of seventy-one percent. After the top applicant withdrew his name from contention, the remaining top three applicants with the highest combined scores (ranging from eighty-three to ninety-one percent) were offered the full-time positions.

Plaintiff's complaint alleged that defendant violated Michigan's Persons With Disabilities Civil Rights Act (PWDCRA), MCL 37.1101 et seq., by failing to provide a reasonable accommodation to plaintiff during the written portion of the examination. Specifically, plaintiff alleged that he suffers from dyslexia and that, before the written examination, he informed Fire Department Chief Robert McArthur that he needed a "reader" to assist him during the examination. Plaintiff claims that, as a result of defendant's failure to provide the requested accommodation, he did not do well enough to be awarded a position.

At his deposition, plaintiff testified that he was first diagnosed with dyslexia in junior high school. However, the report from the Livonia Public Schools regarding plaintiff's condition does not specifically state that plaintiff suffered from dyslexia. It indicates only that plaintiff suffered from a "learning disability." Plaintiff testified that, despite the school district's conclusion that he had a learning disability, he never followed up with a visit to a doctor regarding his condition.

Plaintiff further testified that, before the firefighter/paramedic examination, the first time he informed Chief McArthur that he was dyslexic and required a reader was at the orientation for the examination. However, McArthur testified that while plaintiff informed him that he needed a reader, plaintiff never indicated that he needed the reader because he was dyslexic. Rather, McArthur testified that plaintiff told him he needed the reader because "he had difficulty taking tests, [and] that he did not like taking them...."

Plaintiff testified that, two days before the examination, he followed up with Chief McArthur on his initial oral request for a reader by leaving a note on McArthur's desk, reiterating his desire to have a reader for the examination. But McArthur testified that he never saw the note. Plaintiff also indicated that he went to McArthur's office the following day to ask him whether a reader would be provided. Plaintiff testified that McArthur told him that a proctor would be at the examination, and that if anyone had a question about the examination, they could ask the proctor. Plaintiff also testified that McArthur told all the candidates there would be no time limit for the written portion of the examination; however, "the understanding was that the test was from [9:00 a.m.] until whenever you finish[ed] and then whenever you finished you [could] have lunch but the practical [portion of the examination started at 1:00 p.m.]." McArthur testified that plaintiff never indicated that merely having the proctor available during the written examination was unacceptable. Despite the presence of the proctor during the 130-question examination, plaintiff testified that he did not approach her to ask questions because he believed it would be disruptive for the other test-takers and an embarrassment to himself.

Finally, plaintiff testified that his dyslexia did not affect his work as a part-time firefighter because he was able to keep a dictionary with him to aid him in filling out his job reports. Plaintiff acknowledged that at one point his reports had become so illegible that he was required to practice filling them out. Plaintiff also indicated that his dyslexia had not kept him from his daily activities.

Defendant moved for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). Defendant argued that plaintiff's PWDCRA claim was meritless because plaintiff failed to provide any documentary evidence regarding his alleged disability before the examination. Defendant further pointed out that plaintiff was not even diagnosed with dyslexia until he was examined by an expert witness — after he filed the lawsuit. And, although plaintiff allegedly provided a note to McArthur requesting a reader for the examination, plaintiff admitted that the note did not specifically inform McArthur that the reader was necessary because plaintiff had dyslexia.¹

In granting defendant's motion for summary disposition, the trial court first noted that although plaintiff "provide[d] his employer, Chief McArthur, with written notice of his request for an accommodation two days prior to the exam at issue ... [t]he written notice did not contain the reason or disability requiring the accommodation." The trial court ruled that plaintiff's claim must therefore fail because plaintiff did not provide sufficient documentation of his alleged disability before the examination:

It further appears undisputed that Plaintiff was not officially diagnosed as dyslexic until after the lawsuit was filed.

At the time of the requested accommodation it is undisputed that Plaintiff failed to provide his employer with any documentation regarding this disability. The absence of any documentation or other documentary evidence showing Plaintiff was dyslexic is fatal to his claim under the act....

An allegedly dyslexic Plaintiff is not handicapped under the civil rights statute when Plaintiff fails to provide documentary evidence in support of the allegation.

In other words, the trial court ruled that plaintiff could not maintain a claim of failure to accommodate because he had not properly notified defendant in writing of the need for accommodation. MCL 37.1210(18).

Standard of Review

We review de novo the grant or denial of a motion for summary disposition. Monat v. State Farm Ins. Co., 469 Mich. 679, 682, 677 N.W.2d 843 (2004). "A motion under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual sufficiency of the complaint." Maiden v. Rozwood, 461 Mich. 109, 120, 597 N.W.2d 817 (1999). In evaluating a motion brought under this subsection, we consider affidavits, pleadings, depositions, admissions, and other evidence submitted by the parties in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Id."Where the proffered evidence fails to establish a genuine issue regarding any material fact, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Id.

Similarly, statutory interpretation is a question of law that we review de novo. Golf Concepts v. Rochester Hills, 217 Mich.App. 21, 26, 550 N.W.2d 803 (1996). The primary goal of judicial interpretation of statutes is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the Legislature. Neal v. Wilkes, 470 Mich. 661, 665, 685 N.W.2d 648 (2004). Statutory language should be construed reasonably, keeping in mind the purpose of the act. Draprop Corp. v. City of Ann Arbor, 247 Mich.App. 410, 415, 636 N.W.2d 787 (2001). The first criterion in determining legislative intent is the specific language of the statute. Rose Hill Ctr., Inc. v. Holly Twp., 224 Mich.App. 28, 32, 568 N.W.2d 332 (1997). "If the statute's language is clear and unambiguous, we assume that the Legislature intended its plain meaning, and we enforce the statute as written." Wickens v. Oakwood Healthcare Sys., 465 Mich. 53, 60, 631 N.W.2d 686 (2001). "In reviewing the statute's language, every word should be given meaning, and we should avoid a construction that would render any part of the statute surplusage or nugatory." Id.

Discussion

The only issue properly presented to us for review is whether the trial court correctly concluded that plaintiff failed to provide sufficient written notice regarding his alleged disability and thus failed to trigger a duty for defendant to accommodate that disability.² The actual written notice plaintiff alleges he provided to defendant is not contained in the record. However, plaintiff did not testify, and does not specifically argue on appeal, that the written notice he allegedly provided defendant did anything beyond requesting a reader, i.e., it did not specify any handicap necessitating that assistance.

The statutory notice of accommodation provision states as follows:

A person with a disability may allege a violation against a person regarding a failure to accommodate under this article only if the person with a disability notifies the person in writing of the need for accommodation within 182 days after the date the person with a disability knew or reasonably should have known that an accommodation was needed. [MCL 37.1210(18).]

The trial court interpreted the above notice requirement as requiring that, in addition to a written request for an accommodation, the person requesting the accommodation must provide documented evidence of a specific...