Baker v. Peterson, No. 10-02-00113-CV (Tex. App. 4/7/2004)
| Decision Date | 07 April 2004 |
| Docket Number | No. 10-02-00113-CV.,10-02-00113-CV. |
| Parties | RODNEY BAKER, Appellant v. AMYTHYST PETERSON, Appellee. |
| Court | Texas Court of Appeals |
Appeal from the 221st District Court, Montgomery County, Texas, Trial Court # 99-05-03073 CV.
Affirmed.
Before Chief Justice GRAY, Justice VANCE, and Justice REYNA.2
Appellant appeals from an order modifying the right to determine the primary residence of his child complaining that: (1) the trial court erred in not filing findings of fact and conclusions of law, (2) there is legally and factually insufficient evidence to support the order, and (3) the court abused its discretion in awarding appellee the right to determine the primary residence of the child. We affirm.
By an Agreed Order of Parentage, Rodney Baker and Amythyst Peterson were appointed joint managing conservators of their child, Z.J.B., with Baker having the right to determine the primary residence of the child. No child support was ordered at that time. Later, Baker filed a motion to modify the parentage order requesting child support for his son and a standard possession order as to Peterson. Peterson responded with a counter-motion requesting that she have the right to determine the primary residence of the child, child support, and a standard possession order be granted as to Baker. The trial court granted Peterson's counter-motion. The court maintained Baker and Peterson as joint managing conservators, awarded Peterson the right to determine the primary residence of the child, ordered Baker to pay child support, and established a standard possession order as to Baker.
In his third issue, Baker argues that the trial court erred by not filing findings of fact and conclusions of law.
Baker filed a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law about one month before trial. According to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 306c, a prematurely filed request for findings and conclusions is considered filed on the day of but subsequent to the signing of the judgment. TEX. R. CIV. P. 306c; Wirtz v. Mass. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 898 S.W.2d 414, 419 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1995, no writ); Lewelling v. Bosworth, 840 S.W.2d 640, 644 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, no writ). Thus, Baker's request is deemed to have been filed immediately after the signing of the judgment.
Rule 297 requires that a notice of past due findings and conclusions "state the date the original request was filed and the date the findings and conclusions were due." TEX. R. CIV. P. 297. The document that Baker contends qualifies as a notice of past due findings and conclusions is styled a "Request for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law" and does not contain the recitation required by Rule 297. Therefore, Baker has failed to preserve this issue for appellate review. See Curtis v. Commn. for Law. Disc., 20 S.W.3d 227, 232 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.); see also Las Vegas Pecan & Cattle Co. v. Zavala County, 682 S.W.2d 254, 255 (Tex. 1984) (); Thomas v. Thomas, 917 S.W.2d 425, 435 n.6 (Tex. App.—Waco 1996, no writ) (same). Accordingly, we overrule Baker's third issue.
Because there are no findings of fact and conclusions of law filed in this case, "we must assume that [the trial court] made all findings in support of its judgment." Pharo v. Chambers County, 922 S.W.2d 945, 948 (Tex. 1996). However, an appellant may challenge the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting these implied findings when there is a reporter's record. Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989); In re B.N.F., 120 S.W.3d 873, 876 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, no pet.); Flores v. Flores, 847 S.W.2d 648, 651 (Tex. App.—Waco 1993, writ denied).
Challenges to a trial court's rulings on custody, control, possession and visitation matters are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. In re Jane Doe 2, 19 S.W.3d 278, 281-282 (Tex. 2000); Gillespie v. Gillespie, 644 S.W.2d 449, 451 (Tex. 1982); Turner v. Turner, 47 S.W.3d 761, 763 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts "without reference to any guiding rules or principles," or stated another way, when the trial court acts in an arbitrary and unreasonable manner. City of San Benito v. Rio Grande Valley Gas Co., 109 S.W.3d 750, 757 (Tex. 2003) (quoting Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 242 (Tex.1985)). An abuse of discretion does not occur when a trial court bases its decision on conflicting evidence. Goode v. Shoukfeh, 943 S.W.2d 441, 446 (Tex. 1997); Davis v. Huey, 571 S.W.2d 859, 862 (Tex. 1978). Similarly, there is no abuse of discretion when some evidence of a substantive and probative character exists to support the trial court's decision. Vincent v. Bank of Am., N.A., 109 S.W.3d 856, 868 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, pet. denied) (citing Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990)).
When using an abuse-of-discretion standard, the appellate court does not conduct an independent review of the factual issues decided by the trial court under a legal or factual sufficiency standard. Thomas v. Thomas, 895 S.W.2d 895, 896 (Tex. App.—Waco 1995, writ denied) (citing Crouch v. Tenneco, Inc., 853 S.W.2d 643, 649 (Tex. App.—Waco 1993, writ denied)). Rather, the court may use the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence as factors in determining whether an abuse of discretion has occurred.1 Beaumont Bank N.A. v. Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991); Thomas, 895 S.W.2d at 896.
When an appellant complains that an adverse finding is legally or factually insufficient, we must first determine who had the burden of proof at trial. In a modification suit, the movant bears the burden of proof. Ditraglia v. Romano, 33 S.W.3d 886, 888 (Tex. App.—Austin 2000, no pet.). Because Peterson filed the motion to change the right to determine the primary residence of the child, she had the burden of proof.
When an appellant who did not have the burden of proof at trial complains of legally insufficient evidence, the appellant must show there is no evidence to support the contested finding. Beard v. Beard, 49 S.W.3d 40, 55 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, pet. denied). The appellate court must consider only the evidence and inferences that support the adverse finding and ignore all evidence and inferences to the contrary. Lenz v. Lenz, 79 S.W.3d 10, 19 (Tex. 2002). A "no evidence" claim will be sustained if: (a) there is a complete absence of evidence of a vital fact; (b) the rules of law or evidence prevent the court from giving weight to the only evidence offered to prove a vital fact, (c) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is not more than a scintilla, or (d) the evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of the vital fact. Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. Martinez, 977 S.W.2d 328, 334 (Tex. 1998) (citing Robert W. Calvert, "No Evidence" and "Insufficient Evidence" Points of Error, 38 TEX. L. REV. 361, 362-63 (1960)). When the evidence "rises to a level that would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to differ in their conclusion", then there is more than a scintilla of evidence. Beard, 49 S.W.3d at 55 (quoting Burroughs Wellcome Co. v. Crye, 907 S.W.2d 497, 499 (Tex. 1995)).
When an appellant who did not have the burden of proof at trial complains of factually insufficient evidence, the appellate court must examine the entire record. The court will reverse only if the trial court's finding is "so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust." Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986); Beard, 49 S.W.3d at 55. If the proponent's proof, while adequate, is taken alone, and is so overwhelmed by the opponent's contrary proof, or if the finding is based on weak evidence, reversal can occur. Checker Bag Co. v. Washington, 27 S.W.3d 625, 633 (Tex. App.—Waco, pet. denied) (citing William Powers, Jr. & Jack Ratliff, Another Look at "No Evidence" and "Insufficient Evidence," 69 TEX. L. REV. 515, 519 n.11 (1991)).
In Baker's second issue, he argues that Peterson did not offer legally sufficient evidence to prove that circumstances had materially and substantially changed, and that the requested change would be a positive improvement for the child. Because the Legislature amended the Family Code in 2001, however, the law in effect at the time of trial required the movant to prove only that the circumstances had materially and substantially changed. See Act of May 22, 2001, 77th Leg. R.S., ch. 1289 § 5, 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 3108 (amended 2003) .
Both parties testified that the change in the child's age and the introduction of new activities for the child provided a situation in which the original order had become unworkable. At the time of trial, Z.J.B. was five years old. The change in age of a child has been found to be a material and substantial change. In re Davis, 30 S.W.3d 609, 615 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, no pet.); Horne v. Harwell, 533 S.W.2d 450, 452 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1976, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Also, there was evidence that Baker poisoned Z.J.B.'s mind against his mother. This, too, has been found to be a material and substantial change. Jeffers v. Wallace, 615 S.W.2d 252, 254 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1981, no writ). Accordingly, the evidence is legally sufficient to support the contested finding. Burroughs Wellcome Co. 907 S.W.2d at 499.
Baker complains in his fourth issue that there is factually insufficient evidence to support a finding that the requested modification is in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 156.101 (Vernon 2004). The parties presented conflicting evidence on this issue, and we cannot...
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