Thomas v. Thomas

• Decision Date: 29 March 1995
• Docket Number: No. 10-94-051-CV,10-94-051-CV
• Citation: 895 S.W.2d 895
• Parties: Hubert Michael THOMAS, Appellant, v. Diana Jane THOMAS, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 895

895 S.W.2d 895

Hubert Michael THOMAS, Appellant, v. Diana Jane THOMAS, Appellee.

No. 10-94-051-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas,

Waco.

March 29, 1995.

Rehearing Overruled April 26, 1995.

Amy Grubbs Thomas, Mexia, for appellant.

LaNelle L. McNamara, McNamara & McNamara, Waco, for appellee.

Before THOMAS, C.J., and CUMMINGS and VANCE, JJ.

OPINION

THOMAS, Chief Justice.

Michael Thomas (Michael) appeals from an order increasing his monthly child support from $1,250 to $3,000 for his four children in the custody of Diana Thomas (Diana). See TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 14.056 (Vernon Supp.1995). In addition, the court awarded Diana $11,200 in attorney's fees. Michael raises ten points of error. We will discuss the points in the following order--points four, five, six and seven, attacking the court's decision to grant the motion to modify; points one, two and three, challenging the amount set as his support obligation; and points eight, nine and ten dealing with the attorney's fees award. We will affirm.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Michael and Diana were divorced in 1989. His child support obligation for their four children, in Diana's custody under an agreed divorce decree, was set at $1,250 a month. Additionally, he agreed to pay her $4,250 a month in alimony. Michael stopped paying the alimony in August 1991, and in October Diana moved to modify his support obligation. However, Michael was not served with citation, and Diana filed an amended motion to modify in June 1992. After service of citation in September, Michael filed his original answer on October 5. Diana alleged that her and the children's circumstances had materially and substantially changed since the entry of the child-support order and that modification would be in the best interest of the children. She also requested attorney's fees. Michael stipulated in his answer that he had net resources in excess of $6,000 a month.

Ultimately, the court held a hearing on Diana's second amended motion in November 1993. The court found that there had been a material and substantial change in circumstances, granted Diana's motion to modify, and set child support at $3,000 a month for four children, $2,551 for three children, $2,096 for two children, and $1,500 for one child. The court also awarded Diana $11,200 in attorney's fees.

MODIFICATION OF THE SUPPORT ORDER

The court may modify a prior child-support order if "the circumstances of the child or a person affected by the order ... have materially and substantially changed." TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 14.08(c)(2). However, an increase may not be based solely on an increase in the needs of the obligee. Id. § 14.056(a). To determine if the circumstances have changed, the court can consider the factors listed in the code. Id. § 14.056(b). The Family Code directs the court to consider "all relevant factors, including ... the amount of the obligee's net resources" in setting child support. Id. § 14.054(1). As defined in the Family Code, "net resources" includes "spousal maintenance, and alimony." Id. § 14.053(b).

We will not disturb the court's ruling unless a clear abuse of discretion is shown. See Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex.1990). "The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial court acted without reference to any guiding rules or principles; in other words, whether the act was arbitrary or unreasonable." Id. When there is some evidence of a substantive and probative character to support the decision, no abuse of discretion occurs. Holley v. Holley, 864 S.W.2d 703, 706 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, writ denied). Thus, legal- and factual-sufficiency claims are not independent grounds of error but are incorporated into a determination of whether the court abused its discretion. In re Pecht, 874 S.W.2d 797, 800 (Tex.App.--Texarkana 1994 no writ); Mai v. Mai, 853 S.W.2d 615, 618 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, no writ); see also Crouch v. Tenneco, Inc., 853 S.W.2d 643, 646-47 (Tex.App.--Waco 1993, writ denied).

In points four and five, Michael attacks the court's finding that the circumstances have materially and substantially changed. In point four, he argues that the court abused its discretion because the evidence is insufficient to support such a conclusion, and in point five he claims that the court should have amended its finding of fact to state that no such change had occurred.

Diana introduced her income tax returns for 1990, 1991, and 1992. Over the three-year period, her annual income decreased from $70,833 to $8,767, primarily due to the termination of Michael's alimony payments. Clearly, an approximately 88 percent decrease in the income of the managing conservator justifies a finding of a material and substantial change in the circumstances of a person affected by the child-support order. See Anderson v. Anderson, 770 S.W.2d 92, 95 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1989, no writ); Power v. Power, 720 S.W.2d 683, 685 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1986, writ dism'd). Thus, the court did not abuse its discretion by finding that there had been a substantial change supporting modification of the child-support order. See Worford, 801 S.W.2d at 109; Holley, 864 S.W.2d at 706. Points four and five are overruled.

In point six, Michael claims that the court improperly based its ruling on his history of voluntary support. In point seven, he argues that the evidence is insufficient to show the modification is in the best interest of the children, asserting that their best interest is better served by allowing him to pay the amounts voluntarily. However, we have already held that the court was justified in modifying the child-support order based on a change in circumstances. Nothing in the record indicates that the court based its ruling on the fact that Michael provided some funds to Diana and to the children voluntarily. Nor can we say that his version of the children's best interest is sufficient to show that the court otherwise abused its discretion. See id. Thus, we overrule points six and seven.

AMOUNT OF CHILD SUPPORT

Michael's first three points challenge the amount of the child support the court ordered him to pay. His first point alleges that the court abused its discretion by arbitrarily setting an amount greater than the child-support guidelines and the proven needs of the children. See TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 14.055(j). Points two and three challenge the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting the court's finding of the proven needs of the children.

The focus of these points is the amount established as the proven needs of the children. The court is forbidden from requiring Michael, as the obligor, to pay more than 100 percent of the proven needs of the children. See id. § 14.055(c). What constitutes "needs" of the children has not been defined by statute or by case law. See Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, 860 S.W.2d 414, 417 n. 3 (Tex.1993). However, the needs of the children are not limited to the "bare necessities of life." Id. Nor are their needs dependent on their parents' ability to pay, the lifestyle of the family, the needs, standard of living or lifestyle of the obligee, or a history of voluntary support by the obligor. See id.; TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 14.056(a), (b). In evaluating the needs of the children, and, thus, the exercise of the court's discretion in determining those needs, we are guided by the paramount principle in child-support decisions: the best interest of the children. See TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 14.07; Rodriguez, 860 S.W.2d at 417 n. 3.

At the hearing on Diana's motion to modify, she testified that $4,273.90 was the amount that she had expended on a monthly basis to meet the needs of her four children over the previous year. She introduced a household budget based on her expenses for the prior year. She also claimed that she was incurring an additional $50 a week for household help and that she anticipated spending at least $600 extra to assist her oldest child in preparing for college. On cross-examination, however, she admitted that some of the expenses she listed as necessary for the children were, in fact, for herself. She also admitted that she had included costs for a vacation taken by her and the children in her calculations. She agreed that, excluding "drinking water, department store charges, Visa, miscellaneous checks, gifts, home repairs, vet, Optima charges and magazine and newspaper ... and monthly cash expenditures," the total monthly expenses for the children would be $2,347.39.

The court found that the proven needs of the four children amounted to $4,068.00 a month, and ordered Michael to pay $3,000 a month in child support. The evidence would support a finding of the children's proven needs of...