Bennett v. State

• Decision Date: 06 February 1963
• Docket Number: No. 165,165
• Citation: 230 Md. 562,188 A.2d 142
• Parties: Garnette Mae BENNETT v. STATE of Maryland.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

Page 562

230 Md. 562

188 A.2d 142

Garnette Mae BENNETT v.STATE of Maryland.

No. 165.

Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Feb. 6, 1963.

John C. Sullivan, Cumberland, for appellant.

Robert C. Murphy, Deputy Atty. Gen. (Thomas B. Finan, Atty. Gen., Baltimore, and James S. Getty, States Atty., for Allegany Co., Cumberland, on the brief), for appellee.

Before BRUNE, C. J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND, HORNEY and SYBERT, JJ.

HORNEY, Judge.

Challenging the correctness of the instructions to the jury with respect to the law of self-defense, the defendant(Garnette Mae Bennett) has appealed from the judgment entered on the verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree without capital punishment.

The defendant shot and killed her husband with a shotgun in the midmorning of January 31, 1962.She did not deny the shooting, but claimed that it was done in self-defense.The victim and the defendant had married and lived together for nearly twenty years, and had had four children--a daughter who lived away from home and three sons who lived with their parents.But the marriage had been a turbulent one in that it was fraught with frequent arguments and bickerings; beatings of the wife by the husband; and at least one act of infidelity on the part of the wife.

Early in January of 1962 the couple agreed to separate, he to move out of the marital abode: she to remain therein with the teenage boys.But after the expiration of a fortnight the husband moved back in with his family.As a result, the strained relations between them became even more intensified, and the wife, several days before the homicide, filed a bill for an absolute divorce and a preliminary order to require the husband to leave the home forthwith.When the husband learned of these proceedings, he became enraged and, on both of the two days before the shooting, threatened to take custody of the children and kill his wife.Whereupon she asked two of her sons to show her how to load and handle the gun (ostensibly for the purpose of shooting rats) and subsequently purchased shells for it.

When the husband came home from work at the usual time (about 7:20 a. m.) on the day of the homicide, he went to one of the bedrooms and while he was gone, the wife loaded the shotgun but left it in the gun rack in the kitchen.After the children went off to school, the husband, following a brief argument, went out to purchase whiskey, and, upon his return, he resumed the argument concerning the divorce and custody of the children, but he did not then threaten to kill his wife as he had done on the two preceding days.He cursed her, however, and walked out of the kitchen momentarily into the hallway.While he was out of her presence, the wife took the loaded gun out of the rack and held it by her side where she was standing behind the kitchen table.When the husband returned to the kitchen, he had his jacket over his left arm and a large hunting knife in his right hand.According to the wife, he had a hateful look on his face, and, because she was afraid that he would lunge at her or get her off guard and throw the knife at her, she pointed the gun toward him and pulled the trigger.The discharge struck the husband in the chest.He staggered forward and fell faceward on a chair.And when the wife came to his side he was dead.

In a statement given by the defendant to the investigating officers, the defendant, in reply to a question as to how her husband was dressed at the time of the shooting, in addition to informing them that he had the jacket over his arm and the knife in his hand, further stated: 'I already had the gun loaded and he just stopped and stared at me, and I pointed the gun toward him and shot and he yelled 'Oh, Garnette' or 'No, Garnett,' and then he staggered toward me and fell against the chairs at the table.'The defendant further admitted that she had discarded one of the two shells purchased by flushing it down the toilet.The State also produced photographs showing the position of the hunting knife partially covered by the jacket on the floor inside the kitchen door.

There was also other evidence on behalf of the defendant to the effect that the deceased, who often drank to excess, had bruised the defendant about the arms and body on several occasions; that he had beaten her from time to time throughout the marriage; that on one occasion he had held a knife to her throat and tried to kill her; that he had been heard to say on more than one occasion that he had cut her throat once and would do it again; and that, within the last two days prior to his death, the deceased had made repeated statements to others that he hated the defendant and would like to cut her heart out and watch it bleed.

At the close of the evidence, the defendant asked the trial court, in four separate written requests, to instruct the jury on the law of self-defense.In the first proposed instruction there was a request that the court advise the jury that if it found the defendant had reasonable grounds to believe, and did in fact believe, that she was in imminent danger of suffering serious injury, or death, at the hands of the deceased at the time she shot and killed him, and further found that any reasonable and prudent person in a similar situation and under like circumstances would have so believed, then the defendant was entitled to be acquitted.The second request sought an instruction to the effect that if the defendant had reasonable grounds to believe that her husband intended to kill her or to do her serious bodily injury, then she had a right under the circumstances to arm herself in anticipation of an assault.The third request was for an instruction that the jury be informed that when peril or danger exists a person has a right to defend and protect himself and that, when the peril is imminent, he who is assaulted need not retreat but may stand his ground.And the fourth request asked that the jury be told that it is not necessary that the danger be actual or real or about to transpire but that one may act in self-defense on appearance alone.

The trial court instructed the jury generally as to the law of homicide and the defenses thereto, and, in so doing, the court granted the first requested instruction, by including it in its written charge to the jury.Likewise, the substance of the third and fourth...