Berry v. Department of Corrections

• Decision Date: 14 March 1985
• Docket Number: No. 1,CA-CIV,1
• Parties: Richard S. BERRY and James Coumpy individually and as representatives of a class, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, State of Arizona, Stanley Bates, Charles Ryan and Timothy Murphy, Defendants-Appellees. 7667.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

Page 711

697 P.2d 711

144 Ariz. 318

Richard S. BERRY and James Coumpy individually and as representatives of a class, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, State of Arizona, Stanley Bates, Charles Ryan and Timothy Murphy, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 1 CA-CIV 7667.

Court of Appeals of Arizona,

Division 1, Department D.

March 14, 1985.

James Coumpy, in pro. per

Richard S. Berry, Tempe, in pro. per.

Robert K. Corbin, Atty. Gen. by Jay R. Adkins, Asst. Atty. Gen., Phoenix, for appellees.

OPINION

MEYERSON, Presiding Judge.

This appeal arises from an action brought by prisoners who claim they were denied meaningful access to an adequate law library and therefore were denied the right of access to the courts guaranteed by Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 97 S.Ct. 1491, 52 L.Ed.2d 72 (1977). The trial court dismissed the prisoners' suit, finding no obligation upon appellee Arizona Department of Corrections to provide a law library for prisoners held in a diagnostic facility for a sixty to ninety day period. Given the number of prisoners who are confined at this particular diagnostic facility, and the significance of the legal events which occur during the period of confinement, we hold that the length of confinement is sufficient to trigger the State's constitutional obligation to provide either meaningful access to an adequate law library or other appropriate legal resources. Thus, we reverse and remand this matter to the trial court.

I. FACTS

In reviewing the propriety of an order granting a motion to dismiss, this court must consider all facts alleged in the complaint to be true. ^* Red Carpet-Barry and Associates, Inc. v. Apex Associates, Inc., 130 Ariz. 302, 303, 635 P.2d 1224, 1225 (1981). Plaintiffs-appellants Richard S Berry and James Coumpy (prisoners) were inmates at the Alhambra Reception and Treatment Center (ARTC), a diagnosis and classification center maintained by the Arizona Department of Corrections (Department). ARTC has a constantly changing population of approximately 350 inmates who spend sixty to ninety days awaiting transfer to permanent correctional institutions. ARTC also houses twenty-five resident inmates who help maintain the facility. The limited law library at ARTC presently contains no current copy of the Arizona Criminal Code, no set of current Arizona statutes, and no up-to-date state or federal reporters. Additionally, restrictive regulations and cumbersome procedures prevent many prisoners from gaining meaningful access to the few resources the ARTC law library does contain. At best, prisoners can expect to have one hour in the law library during their stay at ARTC. ARTC also fails to provide prisoners with access to individuals with legal or paralegal training who might assist those prisoners seeking judicial relief.

The prisoners brought this suit complaining of numerous violations of their civil and constitutional rights, both as individuals and as a class, and seeking equitable relief and monetary damages. The Department promptly filed a motion to dismiss which was granted without oral argument. The trial court found that the request for an injunction against further constitutional violations was moot because all plaintiffs had been moved from ARTC to permanent correctional facilities with adequate law libraries. The trial court also found that as a matter of law the Department is not required to provide an adequate law library or legal assistance at ARTC:

Specifically, in the case of the Alhambra Reception Center, the very short stay of the persons transferred to this facility suggests that there need not be a library of the same extent as would be necessary in an institution where inmates remain with longer duration.

II. MOOTNESS

Count I of the complaint sought an injunction forbidding further violation of the prisoners' right of access to an adequate law library. The trial court declared Count I moot because the plaintiffs had been transferred from ARTC by the time the motion to dismiss was heard. An issue is not moot if it is " 'capable of repetition, yet evading review.' " KPNX Broadcasting Co. v. Superior Court, 139 Ariz. 246, 250, 678 P.2d 431, 435 (1984). Because thousands of other prisoners will be detained at ARTC, allegedly without meaningful access to a minimally adequate law library or other legal assistance, the issue clearly is a recurring one requiring judicial review. Furthermore, because other prisoners with a similar complaint would undoubtedly be transferred from ARTC before such issues could be resolved, the problem would continue to evade review. Prisoners' claim for injunctive relief therefore is not moot.

III. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF ACCESS TO THE COURTS

In 1977, the United States Supreme Court held:

[T]he fundamental right of access to the courts requires prison authorities to assist inmates in the preparation and filing of meaningful legal papers by providing prisoners with adequate law libraries or adequate assistance from persons trained in the law.

Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. at 828, 97 S.Ct. at 1498. Because prisoners do not have an absolute right to any particular type of legal assistance, Williams v. Leeke, 584 F.2d 1336, 1339 (4th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 911, 99 S.Ct. 2825, 61 L.Ed.2d 276 (1979), the states are free to choose among a variety of methods or combination of methods, including providing attorneys, legal materials, or other reasonable methods, in order to provide meaningful assistance. Ramos v. Lamm, 639 F.2d 559, 583 (10th Cir.1980).

Neither Bounds nor its progeny requires that every state correctional facility and every county and city jail provide access to an extensive law library. See Williams v. Leeke, 584 F.2d at 1340. Among the factors which courts have considered in determining the extent of a state's obligation to assist prisoners in obtaining access to the courts are:

(1) Duration of confinement within a particular facility. Cruz v. Hauck, 515 F.2d 322, 333 (5th Cir.1975);

(2) The nature of the legal rights which may be vindicated during confinement. Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. at 827-28, 97 S.Ct. at 1497-98;

(3) The number of inmates likely to require a library or other legal assistance during the particular confinement. Cf. Cruz v. Hauck, 515 F.2d at 332.

In addition, courts have considered whether the legal materials or legal assistance provided by the state are...