Brock v. State, 55245
| Citation | 483 So.2d 358 |
| Decision Date | 12 February 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 55245,55245 |
| Parties | Leonardo BROCK v. STATE of Mississippi. |
| Court | United States State Supreme Court of Mississippi |
Jack R. Jones, III, Taylor, Jones, Alexander, Greenlee, Seale & Ryan, Southaven, for appellant.
Edwin Lloyd Pittman, Atty. Gen. by Marvin L. White, Jr., Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, for appellee.
Before WALKER, P.J., HAWKINS and ROBERTSON, JJ.
Leonardo Brock appeals from his conviction in the circuit court of Desoto County under a three-count indictment charging him with the crimes of robbery, kidnapping and rape.
He first assigns as error cross-examination about his pre-trial silence, which we find to be without merit under the facts of this case.
We agree with his contention that it was error to try him under a multi-count indictment and reverse.
Around 7:00 a.m. on Saturday, June 5, 1982, Thomas Pierce and Charles Crouther, summer employees as Park Rangers for the U.S. Corps of Engineers, were flagged by Brock on one of the Arkabutla Lake roads. Brock asked for assistance to get a two-door maroon Chevrolet out of a ditch. The car was at right angles to the ditch, with both back wheels in the ditch's bottom. Pierce told Brock they would be unable to pull the car out with the truck, but approximately a mile away at a country store the owner had a tractor, and they would take him there.
In the course of the conversation, Brock told them that the car was his, that he had been in the area fishing, and that he was a lawyer from Memphis.
The three got into the truck and when they had driven about 150 yards, Pierce testified they saw Jacqueline Dennis, a black woman, sitting on the side of the road. She was nude from the waist up, holding a torn blouse, and flagging them. The rangers stopped, asked her what was the matter, and Dennis told them she had been raped and shot, then pointed at Brock, and said, "That's the one that did it right there."
The rangers had no weapons, and when Pierce told Crouther to radio the DeSoto County Sheriff's Office, Brock ran off.
At trial Dennis testified that shortly after mid-night, around 12:30 a.m., on June 5, she had gone to the "Barracks Club," an establishment at the corner of Monroe and Marshall streets in the City of Memphis. Dennis, 22 years of age, was a student at Memphis State University, who worked part-time. The Barracks Club is located in a section of Memphis the city fathers are unlikely to boast about.
According to Dennis, while she was playing a video game, Brock approached her, they struck up a conversation, he told her he was a medical student and that his name was "Rick." As she was about to leave, he told her his car had been stolen, and she advised him to call the police. He made the motion of making a call on the telephone, and told her that his car had not been stolen, but the police had taken it in because it was parked near a fire plug.
She agreed to take him to his apartment, and said they first made a stop at the City of Memphis Hospital, where Brock said he wanted to check and see if the Director's car was there.
When they got to his apartment, Brock invited her to come in and meet his female roommate, who he said was also a medical student.
She went into his apartment. Once inside the apartment, Brock grabbed her by the hair and at gunpoint made her undress. He momentarily went into the kitchen. Dennis got a vase close by to hit him with. Upon returning, Brock saw the vase, slapped her around, and told her that if she tried anything he would kill her, that he had already killed another lady.
Brock had sexual intercourse with her and oral sex. After threatening to kill her in the apartment, he ordered her to dress herself and at gun and knife point made her get into the car which he drove to Mississippi. He came to a dead end of the park road, went to turn the car around and got stuck in the ditch. He made her walk up the road, then ordered her off the road into a thicket. Again he ordered her to undress and had sexual intercourse with her, oral sex and anal sex.
Brock then stuffed Dennis's blouse in her mouth, made her get on knees and put her arms behind her back. He moved behind her and shot her. She then heard the pistol snap two or three times.
Brock left, and after lying there for a time, she managed to put part of her clothes on and dragged herself to an embankment at the road's edge, where she was found. She was taken to the hospital and hospitalized for nine days.
On cross-examination Dennis testified the Barracks Club was an establishment frequented by homosexuals. She also conceded an inducement for her to go to Brock's apartment was to smoke marijuana.
Brock told an entirely different story. He denied ever meeting Dennis at the Barracks Club. According to him, he met her the previous Wednesday, June 2, at a street corner outside the Shelby County Courthouse. He was employed at the time by Target, a retail chain store, and worked part-time for the Acue Bonding Company. The two struck up a conversation, Dennis was interested in securing a bail bond for a friend, and he took her for a beer and a mid-afternoon meal at a local restaurant. Dennis was also interested in selling some marijuana to help her finance the bail bond for her friend. The next day, Thursday, she called him at Target's and later in the day met him at his apartment. She stayed there while he went to the Acue Bonding Company. Later that night he ran into his girl friend, Renee Hale, at a convenience store, who told him she had found Dennis in the apartment, and a verbal rhubarb ensued between Brock and Hale, which required police intervention to quiet. He said he returned to the apartment and told Dennis she had to leave.
He next saw Dennis around midnight Friday night at the Courthouse. She and a white woman named "Robin" were together. They wanted him to get some drugs for them, and agreed to take him by his apartment.
The three went to his apartment, Robin dozed off to sleep, and he and Dennis had sexual intercourse. Dennis told him she and Robin had a homosexual relationship.
Robin awoke, found the two in bed together, and a loud argument ensued. He eventually quietened them down.
He decided to go with Dennis to take Robin home. Brock drove, Robin was in the front seat, and Dennis in the back. They eventually got to the Arkabutla Road. Robin began to cut him with a knife and he drove off into the ditch. Robin pulled a revolver from under the seat (which belonged to Brock), and he escaped into the woods. He heard some shots.
A short while later he returned to the car and found his pistol lying by the side of the car. He put it under the car seat. He was walking down the road when Pierce and Crouther drove up.
Brock admitted running off when Dennis identified him.
Renee Hale testified for Brock that she had seen a woman in his apartment that previous Thursday night and that because of this, she and Brock had a hot argument later that night at a convenience store in Memphis. She testified that she had seen the woman in the apartment during the trial at the DeSoto County Courthouse, that she had seen her in the lady's room and in the state witness room, and that the woman was wearing a two-piece beige suit.
Defense counsel then stated into the record that Dennis was wearing a suit such as Hale identified when she testified. No attempt was made by the defense to have Hale identify Dennis in the courtroom.
On June 22, 1982, the grand jury of DeSoto County returned a three-count indictment against Brock. Count I of the indictment charged him with the felonious taking of a 1976 Chevrolet belonging to Dennis by putting her in fear of her life with a .22 caliber pistol, in violation of Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 97-3-79 (1972), which is the Mississippi robbery statute. Count II charged him with feloniously seizing and confining Dennis against her will in violation of Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 97-3-53, a kidnapping statute. Count III charged him with rape in violation of Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 97-3-65. The robbery count was amended during trial to show that the automobile belonged to the parents of Dennis.
Brock was also charged with aggravated assault in shooting Dennis, but upon motion of the defense the state agreed to dismiss this indictment because the state agreed with the defense that aggravated assault was a lesser included offense of robbery.
Brock was convicted of all three counts and sentenced to ten years imprisonment on each count.
Brock assigns as error his cross-examination and the rebuttal testimony about his pre-trial refusal to make a statement. Cross-examining a defendant about his failure prior to trial to make any statement to authorities about the facts surrounding the crime for which he is being tried has arisen in a variety of factual settings. In this case we deal with one narrow issue, the propriety of cross-examination of a defendant and rebuttal testimony about his remaining silent following a specific Miranda warning. 1
Ordinarily such cross-examination would be prejudicial error. See: Austin v. State, 384 So.2d 600 (Miss.1980); Doyle v. U.S., 426 U.S. 610, 96 S.Ct. 2240, 49 L.Ed.2d 91 (1976). As stated in Doyle, and by Justice Walker in his special concurring opinion in Cooley, Note 1, supra, it is unfair, after a law enforcement officer has specifically informed an accused of his right to remain silent and to have an attorney present before he makes any statement, to thereafter at trial attempt on cross-examination to impeach his credibility because he exercised a constitutional right about which he had been precisely informed.
It must be borne in mind, however, that the U.S. Supreme Court in Harris v. New York, 401 U.S. 222, 91 S.Ct. 643, 28 L.Ed.2d 1, held that a violation of a Miranda warning by law enforcement authorities could not be taken advantage of by the defendant...
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