Bryant v. Jax Liquors, DD-473

• Decision Date: 23 November 1977
• Docket Number: No. DD-473,DD-473
• Citation: 352 So.2d 542
• Parties: Glenn K. BRYANT, a minor, by and through his father and next friend, Leroy Bryant, and Leroy Bryant, Individually, Appellants, v. JAX LIQUORS, a corporation, and Travelers Insurance Company, a corporation, Appellees.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 542

352 So.2d 542

Glenn K. BRYANT, a minor, by and through his father and next friend, Leroy Bryant, and Leroy Bryant, Individually, Appellants, v. JAX LIQUORS, a corporation, and Travelers Insurance Company, a corporation, Appellees.

No. DD-473.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

Nov. 23, 1977.

Rehearing Denied Dec. 22, 1977.

William M. Howell of Howell, Howell, Liles & Braddock, Jacksonville, for appellants.

H. Franklin Perritt, Jr. of Marks, Gray, Conroy & Gibbs and Walter G. Arnold, Jacksonville, for appellees.

RAWLS, Judge.

Bryant (appellants-plaintiffs) appeals a final judgment granting Jax Liquors' (appellees-defendants) motion to dismiss their amended complaint.

The issue posed for our resolution is whether or not the amended complaint states a cause of action when it alleges that Jax Liquors violated a statute that was designed to protect a certain class of persons from injury; that Bryant was a member of that class and the injuries sustained by him were the proximate result of such statutory violation.

Material allegations of Bryant's amended complaint are: Jax Liquors sold a case of rum to two members of a high school club who were under 18 years of age; the rum was purchased to be used in an initiation ceremony, wherein Bryant and other minors were required to consume, or pressured into consuming, large quantities of the rum; Bryant became intoxicated to the extent he was "caused to fall, jump or dive, or was pushed or shoved by others of the intoxicated minor initiates, so that he sustained severe injuries resulting in a permanent paralysis from the neck down."

Section 562.11, Florida Statutes, which makes it a crime to sell intoxicating liquors to a minor, was passed to prevent the harm that can be caused by one of immaturity imbibing such liquors. Violation of the statute by a vendor constitutes negligence per se. Prevatt v. McClennan, 201 So.2d 780 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1967). However, the fact of negligence per se resulting from a violation of the subject statute does not mean that there is actionable negligence. A plaintiff must allege: 1) that he is of a class the statute was intended to protect; 2) that he suffered injury of the type the statute was designed to prevent; and 3) that violation of the statute was the proximate cause of the injury, deJesus v. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Company, 281 So.2d 198 (Fla.1973).

Negligence per se does not constitute strict liability. Placing into the flow of commerce alcoholic beverages, by selling same to a minor, does not render the vendor strictly liable for every ensuing act that intervenes between the sale and the consumption of same. Liability must in every instance be determined by the circumstances. Williams v. Youngblood, 152 So.2d 530 (Fla. 1st DCA 1963). Foreseeability and proximate cause are essential principles of negligence actions that must be alleged. "Probable cause" is not "possible cause". "Foreseeable" is not "what might possibly occur". Unlike the facts appearing in Davis v. Shiappacossee, 155 So.2d 365 (Fla.1963), the subject amended complaint fails...