Bussey v. Bank of Malvern, CA

• Decision Date: 27 August 1980
• Docket Number: No. CA,CA
• Citation: 270 Ark. 37,603 S.W.2d 426
• Parties: Earl T. BUSSEY et al., Appellants, v. BANK OF MALVERN, Appellee. 80-139.
• Court: Arkansas Court of Appeals

Page 426

603 S.W.2d 426

270 Ark. 37

Earl T. BUSSEY et al., Appellants, v. BANK OF MALVERN, Appellee.

No. CA 80-139.

Court of Appeals of Arkansas.

Aug. 27, 1980.

James C. Cole and Glover, Glover & Walthall, Malvern, for appellants.

Hall, Tucker, Lovell, Alsobrook & Moudy, Benton, for appellee.

HAYS, Judge.

This case began as an action by the appellee, Bank of Malvern, against the appellants, William A. Wingo and Frances Wingo, William E. Fenter and Louise Fenter and Earl T. Bussey, on a promissory note seeking judgment in the amount of $77,532.50 plus interest. By their answer to the complaint, the appellants admitted that they had signed the promissory note but denied liability under the note on the grounds of failure of consideration and misrepresentations perpetrated upon them by an officer of the bank.

Appellants requested a jury trial. A jury was impanelled, and the case proceeded to trial on October 16, 1979. At the close of all the evidence, the plaintiff bank moved for a directed verdict which the trial court denied. The defendants then moved for a directed verdict and the trial court proceeded to announce that both parties having moved for a directed verdict, he was taking the case from the jury and finding in favor of appellee bank. Appellants filed a motion for judgment N.O.V. and a motion for a new trial, both of which were denied and judgment in the amount of $103,105.44 was entered in favor of appellee. Appellants seek reversal on a number of points of error, and argue initially that the court erred in taking the case from the jury.

Prior to July 1, 1979, the rule in Arkansas was that where both parties moved for a directed verdict and no other instructions were requested by either party, the parties were regarded as having agreed that the issues could be decided by the court rather than the jury. American Colonial Insurance Company v. Mabrey Company, 245 Ark. 288, 432 S.W.2d 15, 17 (1968):

Of course, it is well settled that when each litigant asks for an instructed verdict, and no other instructions are requested by either side, they, in effect, agree that the issue may be decided by the court.

There can be no question but that the trial court was proceeding with this rule in mind when it acted to decide the case on its own, as the record makes it clear that while the court and counsel were in chambers, just prior to announcing its judgment in behalf of the appellee with the reasons for its decision, the court stated:

The Court, in its discretion, takes the case away from the jury, both parties having moved for a directed verdict at the close of all the evidence.

The Rules of Civil Procedure of Arkansas became effective July 1, 1979. Rule 50(a) expressly abolishes the rule recited in American Colonial Insurance Company, supra Rule 50.

MOTION FOR DIRECTED VERDICT AND FOR JUDGMENT NOTWITHSTANDING VERDICT

(a) Motion for Directed Verdict; When Made; Effect. A party may move for a directed verdict at the close of the evidence offered by an opponent and may offer evidence in the event that the motion is not granted, without having reserved the right to do so and to the extent as if the motion had not been made. A party may also move for a directed verdict at the close of all of the evidence. A motion for a directed verdict which is not granted is not a waiver of trial by jury even though all parties to the action have moved for directed verdicts. (Emphasis supplied.)

Note 2 of the report notes to Rule 50(a) states that the rule of American Colonial Insurance Company is abolished by the enactment of Rule 50(a).

Furthermore, even under the old rule it was necessary that both motions be before the court at the same time, not just in sequence, in order for the rule to apply and, therefore, the error was manifold. In Aetna Insurance Company, Inc. v. Warren, Admx., 231 Ark. 405, 329 S.W.2d 536 (1959), the Supreme Court of Arkansas, speaking through Mr. Justice Ward, examined the rule in some depth and recognized that the rationale supporting the rule was lacking where the motion for a directed verdict by one side had been denied at the time the other party moved for a directed verdict. The opinion states:

Moreover, a careful analysis of the cases cited above shows that the above mentioned rule is founded on the nature of an agreement between the parties themselves that the trial court shall sit as a jury and try issues of fact. It would seem necessary, therefore, that the trial court should have both requests for an instructed verdict before it at the same time. In this case, of course, appellant's request had already been denied and disposed of by the trial court before appellees' motion was made. It is not unusual, we think, for a defendant to request an instructed verdict at the close of the plaintiff's testimony. After doing so, such defendant would have the choice of putting on its own testimony or to rest its case and go to the jury on the testimony developed by the plaintiff. It would seem only fair that the appellant should have this choice in the case under consideration. Therefore, if any question of fact which raises a jury question is presented in the case under consideration appellant should not be denied to have such question presented to the jury.

Thus, the error in taking this case from the jury is conspicuous whether examined under the law either before the effective date of the Rules of Civil Procedure or after. Clearly appellants were deprived of a right guaranteed to them in the Constitution of the State of Arkansas.

The appellee does not dispute the error with respect to Rule 50(a), arguing rather that appellants waived presentation of the case to the jury, citing Zaks v. Eliott, 106 F.2d 425 (1939). The record does reflect that in a rather lengthy dialogue between the court and the attorneys, counsel for appellants appeared to speak of waiving all further submission of the case to the jury, but a careful reading of that portion of the record in its entirety makes it clear that the parties were discussing the mechanics of formalizing a judgment the court had already announced and counsel's "waiver" related to procedure respecting the judgment and not to a waiver of trial by jury as contemplated by Rule 39(a).

Nor does the decision in Zaks v. Eliott, supra, provide support for appellee's argument. In Zaks, plaintiff bank brought an action against the defendant to recover the balance on two promissory notes. At the close of all the evidence, the defendant moved for a directed verdict. The court dismissed the jury on the grounds that there was no question for it to decide. The judge subsequently heard argument on appellant's motion for a directed verdict and afterwards found for the plaintiff bank and entered judgment to that effect. The opinion itself supplies its own distinguishing aspects from the case before us:

(1-3) In an opinion subsequently filed, the court found both the facts and the law and stated that the case had been withdrawn from the jury under Rule 50(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. following section 723c. That rule permits the trial court to reserve its decision on a motion for a directed verdict until after the jury has returned its verdict, but does not authorize withdrawing the case from the jury when both parties move for a directed verdict. There was, however, no material error in the instant case for both parties not only consented to the court's action, but were anxious to have the case decided as a question of law by the court. The case may properly be treated as one in which the parties agreed at the outset not to have a jury. (Emphasis added.)

By analogy, appellee argues that appellant waived his right to jury trial by not objecting to the court's erroneous procedure and specifically calling to the court's attention the changes made by Rule 50. Appellee cites three cases for the rule that where a party does not object to a procedural defect or an erroneous ruling so that the trial judge has the opportunity to cure his mistake, it will not be reviewed on appeal. Smith v. Union National Bank, 241 Ark. 821, 410 S.W.2d 599 (1967); Arkansas State Highway Commission v. Newton, 253 Ark. 903, 489 S.W.2d 804 (1973); Turkey Express, Inc. v. Skelton Motor Company, 246 Ark. 739, 439 S.W.2d 923 (1969). Appellants counter this argument by stating that the denial of a trial by jury is a substantive defect, and not procedural. Appellants also cite DeGioia v. United States Line Company, 304 F.2d 421 (1962), for the rule that subsequent conduct of a party did not waive trial by jury for which he had made a proper...