Calderon v. City of N.Y.
Decision Date | 05 October 2015 |
Docket Number | No. 14 Civ. 1082(PAE).,14 Civ. 1082(PAE). |
Citation | 138 F.Supp.3d 593 |
Parties | Miguelina CALDERON, Plaintiff, v. The CITY OF NEW YORK, James South, Alexander Sosa, and John/Jane Doe 1 Through 10, Defendants. |
Court | U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York |
Eric Edward Rothstein, Rothstein Law PLLC, New York, NY, for Plaintiff.
Omar Javed Siddiqi, New York City Law Department, New York, NY, for Defendant.
PAUL A. ENGELMAYER
, District Judge.
In August 2013, the New York Police Department ("NYPD") developed substantial evidence that a man named German Perez was trafficking in cocaine out of 275 East 201st Street, a Bronx apartment building. James South, an NYPD detective, swore out an affidavit seeking search warrants for apartments 5F and 5K in that building. South attested that he and Alexander Sosa, also an NYPD detective, had seen Perez use both apartments at various times immediately before and after selling cocaine to a confidential informant outside the building. He also attested that, during a car stop, Perez had produced a New York State driver's license identifying his home address as apartment 5F in that building. A state court judge issued a warrant to search the two apartments, and NYPD officers then conducted searches pursuant to these warrants. In apartment 5F, the officers found and handcuffed plaintiff Miguelina Calderon, but the search of that apartment yielded no evidence of Perez, drug-dealing, or other criminal activity. In apartment 5K, the officers found and arrested Perez and seized drugs.
Calderon now brings this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983
and state law, against, inter alia, the City of New York ("the City"), South, and Sosa. She alleges that South knowingly or recklessly made false statements in his affidavit seeking authority to search apartment 5F. In particular, she claims that South and Sosa falsely represented that they had seen Perez entering and exiting apartment 5F shortly before and after selling drugs outside the building, and that a magistrate presented with an accurate affidavit would not have issued the search warrant. She alleges that she was falsely arrested and wrongfully imprisoned as a result of the unjustified search of her apartment. She further alleges that the City failed to properly train and discipline its officers with respect to proper practices in seeking search warrants.
Calderon seeks compensatory damages of $1 million, plus punitive damages.
Defendants move to dismiss Calderon's Third Amended Complaint ("TAC") as to all claims. For the reasons that follow, the Court denies the motion as to the claims against South and Sosa, and grants the motion as to all other claims, including the claim of municipal liability.
Calderon resides in apartment 5F of 275 East 201st Street ("the building") in the Bronx. TAC ¶ 6. She has lived there since July 2012 with her husband and son. Id. ¶ 21.
Calderon has sued 13 defendants. Id. ¶¶ 7–17. The first, the City, is responsible for the NYPD. The second, South, swore out an affidavit in which he stated, inter alia, that he had personally seen Perez, a narcotics trafficking suspect, exit apartment 5F shortly before selling cocaine to a confidential informant outside the building. See Dkt. 46 ("Siddiqi Decl."), Ex. B, ¶ 8. The third, Sosa, informed South that he had seen Perez enter apartment 5F immediately after another such sale. Id. ¶ 9. The other defendants are 10 John or Jane Does—police officers and detectives "whose identities are currently unknown who are members of the NYPD who took place [sic] in the incident described herein." TAC ¶ 17. South, Sosa, and the 10 Does are sued in their individual and official capacities. Id. ¶¶ 9, 13, 17.
In or about June 2012, Calderon signed a lease with her landlord for apartment 5F. Id. ¶ 20. In or about July 2012, she moved into apartment 5F with her husband and her son. Id. ¶ 21. No one else lived with them. Id. In July 2012, the Con Edison bill was put in Calderon's name. Id. ¶ 23.
Calderon alleges that the apartment has only one door. Id. 22. At the time Calderon moved in, the door had a lower lock, but in July 2012, she "installed a top lock and only [she], her husband, and her son had the key" to this top lock. Id. ¶¶ 24–25. It was the "custom and practice" of each of these three individuals "to always lock the top lock when leaving the apartment," id. ¶ 34, and they in fact always did so. Id. 35–36. The top-lock key could not be duplicated without a "special card." Id. ¶ 26. Calderon alleges that there is only one card, it has never been loaned or given to anyone outside the family, and the building did not have a copy of either the top-lock key or the special card. Id. ¶¶ 26–27. She, her husband, and her son never lost their keys or loaned them to anyone else, id. 28–29, including Perez, whom they do not know. Id. ¶¶ 30–31. Calderon further alleges that she, her husband, and her son never "saw anyone named German Perez" in their apartment and "never permitted anyone named German Perez" into the apartment during the time they have resided there. Id. 32–33. Finally, in August 2012, "ADT installed an alarm system that covered, among other places, the entrance /exit door to the apartment." Id. ¶ 38. This alarm "was always turned on when no one was in the apartment." Id. ¶ 39. If the alarm were activated, ADT would notify Calderon by phone before contacting the authorities, id. ¶ 41, and ADT did not so notify Calderon, her husband, or her son during "the period set forth in SOUTH'S search warrant application." Id. ¶ 42.
On August 22, 2013, South swore out a seven-page affidavit in support of warrants to search apartments 5F and 5K. See Siddiqi Decl., Ex. B. In it, South stated, among other things, the following2 :
On August 22, 2013, on the basis of South's affidavit, the Hon. Steven M. Statsinger of the Criminal Court of the City of New York issued no-knock search warrants for apartments 5F and 5K. Id., Ex. D. The warrants authorized the officers to search for (among other things) cocaine, proceeds from drug trafficking, and the person of German Perez. Id.
On August 26, 2013, South presented a modified affidavit to correct a typographical error pertaining to the borough of the premises (the original affidavit mistakenly said "New York, New York," not "Bronx, New York"). Id., Ex. D, ¶ 3. On the same date, Judge Statsinger issued a search warrant based on the corrected affidavit. Id., Exs. D–E.
On August 27, 2013, unidentified NYPD officers went to Calderon's apartment, 5F, to execute the search warrant. She was inside the apartment when, between 3 and 4 p.m., she heard banging at the door as sh...
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