Cathcart v. Andersen, 43294

• Decision Date: 10 January 1975
• Docket Number: No. 43294,43294
• Citation: 530 P.2d 313,85 Wn.2d 102
• Parties: Robert J. CATHCART et al., Respondents, v. William R. ANDERSEN et al., Petitioners.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

Page 102

85 Wn.2d 102

530 P.2d 313

Robert J. CATHCART et al., Respondents, v. William R. ANDERSEN et al., Petitioners.

No. 43294.

Supreme Court of Washington, En Banc.

Jan. 10, 1975.

Slade Gorton, Atty. Gen., James B. Wilson Asst. Atty. Gen., Ronald L. Hjorth, pro se, Preston, Thorgrimson, Starin, Ellis & Holman, Seattle, for petitioners.

Fishel, Kader & Seligmann, T. R. Fishel, Seattle, for respondents.

WRIGHT, Associate Justice.

The sole issue for our determination in this case is whether the Open Public Meetings Act, RCW 42.30 (hereinafter the Act) applies to the monthly meetings of the University of Washington law school faculty. We answer in the affirmative and uphold the decision of the Court of Appeals.

The University of Washington School of Law faculty governs the affairs of the law school by means of monthly meetings. These meetings have been held in secret. In the fall of 1970, the students at the law school directed a request to the faculty to have these meetings opened to them. The faculty responded by allowing 4 officers of the student body, but no others, to attend. In August of 1971, the legislature passed the Act and thereafter renewed efforts were made by students to open the meetings to the public based on the Act. The faculty refused the request and certain students filed suit requesting the following relief: (a) declaratory relief stating that the Act was applicable to the faculty of the University of Washington School of Law, (b) injunctive relief keeping the defendants from further violating or threatening to violate the Act in relation to meetings of the faculty of the University of Washington School of Law and, (c) assessment of the civil penalty and expense award pursuant to section 12 of the Act.

The trial court ordered summary judgment of dismissal for the reason that the faculty of the University of Washington School of Law was not considered the governing body of a public agency or subagency and the law school was not considered to be created by or pursuant to statute, ordinance or legislative act. On appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed that part of the judgment denying the plaintiffs' claim for civil penalties and application for an injunction but remanded the case with direction to the Superior Court to enter judgment declaring the Act applicable to official meetings of the dean and the faculty of the law school. Petitioners are now before this court seeking reversal of the decision of the Court of Appeals.

The resolution of this case turns on the construction that is to be given to the terms 'public agency,' 'governing body' and 'pursuant to statute.' RCW 42.30.030 provides:

All meetings of the Governing body of a Public agency shall be open and public and all persons shall be permitted to attend any meeting of the governing body of a public agency, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.

(Italics ours.) RCW 42.30.020(1)(a) and (c) define 'public agency' as:

(a) Any state board, commission, committee, department, educational institution or other state agency which is created by or Pursuant to statute, other than courts and the legislature.

(Italics ours.) Or,

(c) Any subagency of a public agency which is created by or pursuant to statute, ordinance or other legislative act, including but not limited to planning commissions, library or park boards, and other boards, commissions and agencies.

RCW 42.30.020(2) defines 'governing body' as:

(T)he multimember board, commission, committee, council or other policy or rule-making body of a public agency.

The University of Washington is undeniably a state educational institution created by statute. Laws of 1889, § 1, p. 395; Laws of 1909, ch. 97, § 1. Likewise, the law school must be considered as being created 'pursuant to statute.' In Knowles v. Holly, 82 Wash.2d 694, 513 P.2d 18 (1973), this court construed the words 'pursuant to' as meaning in conformity with or in the course of carrying out; implying that what is done is in accordance with an instruction or direction. Cf. Fabianich v. Hart, 31 A.2d 881 (D.C.Mun.App.1943). It is not necessary that a statute expressly create a subagency so long as there is an enabling provision which allows that subagency to come into existence, at some future date, as the need may arise. As early as 1862, the territorial legislature made provision for the creation of a school of law to serve the people of this state. Wash.Terr.Laws 1862, § 9, p. 44, provides:

The University shall consist of at least four departments.

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2d. A department of law

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These departments may be organized and such others added, as the regents shall deem necessary, and the state of the University fund shall allow.

(Italics ours.) More recent enabling provisions for the school of law can be found in RCW 28B.20.020, which provides:

The aim and purpose of the University of Washington shall be to provide a liberal education in literature, science, art, Law, medicine, military science and such other fields as may be established therein from time to time by the board of regents or by law.

(Italics ours.) and RCW 28B.20.060 which provides:

The courses of instruction of the University of Washington shall embrace as exclusive major lines, Law, medicine, forest products, logging engineering, commerce, journalism, library economy, marine and aeronautic engineering, and fisheries.

(Italics ours.)

The board of regents, in fulfilling its duty to meet the aim and purpose of the university, established the school of law pursuant to RCW 28B.20.130(4). Not only was the law school facility itself created pursuant to statute, but the faculty of each college or school was empowered, as agent of the board of regents, to govern the immediate affairs of the respective college or school. RCW 28B.20.200 provides that:

The faculty of the University of Washington shall consist of the president of the university and the professors and the said faculty shall have charge of the immediate government of the institution under such rules as may be prescribed by the board of regents.

It is not enough, for purposes of the Act, that the faculty of the law school, when holding their monthly meetings, represent the board of regents or meet under statutory authorization. For the Act to apply, the faculty must be considered a 'governing body.' which is to say that it is a 'policy' or 'rule-making body.' RCW 42.30.020(2). Prior to 1971, the faculty of the law school possessed certain De facto rule-making and policy-making powers. In 1971, RCW 28B.10.528 was enacted which expressly allowed the board of regents to delegate and subdelegate authority from the board to the president or the designee of the president.

In accordance...