Cigainero v. State

• Decision Date: 18 September 1995
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Citation: 321 Ark. 533,906 S.W.2d 282
• Parties: Mary Elizabeth CIGAINERO, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 95-206.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 282

906 S.W.2d 282

321 Ark. 533

Mary Elizabeth CIGAINERO, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 95-206.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Sept. 18, 1995.

Damon Young, Texarkana, for Appellant.

Sandy Moll, Asst. Attorney General, Little Rock, for Appellee.

GLAZE, Justice.

This is Mary Elizabeth Cigainero's second appeal. See Cigainero v. State, 310 Ark. 504, 838 S.W.2d 361 (1992). In Cigainero I, Cigainero challenged her first-degree murder conviction in the shooting death of her husband, Christopher, claiming (1) there was insufficient evidence to support the conviction and (2) the trial court erred in failing to grant her a new trial based on juror bias. This court held the evidence at trial was more than substantial in showing Cigainero had planned and committed her husband's murder. Concerning Cigainero's second argument in Cigainero I, she had filed a new trial motion after her conviction, asserting newly discovered evidence showed that two of the twelve jurors had failed to disclose on voir dire that they had previously signed a petition. The petition, containing 2,500 signatures, requested that the Miller County Circuit Court call a grand jury to investigate the prosecuting attorney's failure to "file, charge, and prosecute the Christopher Cigainero homicide and many other major crimes in Miller County." While the trial court agreed that Cigainero's motion was timely and based upon newly discovered evidence, it denied her a new trial. On appeal, this court affirmed the trial court, but did so on the grounds that Cigainero's new trial motion had been untimely filed. Id., 310 Ark. at 507-508, 838 S.W.2d at 363-364.

After the Cigainero I decision, Cigainero petitioned for postconviction relief under Ark.R.Crim.P. 37, and essentially alleged the same juror bias allegations previously alleged in her new trial motion in Cigainero I. Citing Chisum v. State, 274 Ark. 332, 625 S.W.2d 448 (1981), the state below argued that Cigainero's Rule 37 petition raised no new issues from those previously decided on direct appeal in Cigainero I, and therefore, her petition should be dismissed. The trial court apparently agreed with the state's argument, but did not state its reasons when dismissing Cigainero's petition.

The Chisum decision established that Rule 37 created a method for determining whether the accused's rights with respect to constitutional or statutory rights had been violated or whether the sentence was otherwise subject to collateral attack. 274 Ark. at 333, 625 S.W.2d at 449. The court explained that there was no reason for this court to create machinery for a direct attack upon judgments in criminal cases, because that remedy had been adequately supplied by statute for a century or more. It further concluded that Rule 37 provides a remedy when the sentence is vulnerable on constitutional grounds or is otherwise subject to collateral attack, Id., 274 Ark. at 334, 625 S.W.2d at 449, and stated that a motion asking the trial court to grant a new trial for newly discovered evidence is plainly a direct effort to have the judgment vacated, not a collateral attack. See Ark.Code Ann. § 16-89-130(c)(6) (1987) (the trial court in which a trial is had upon an issue of fact may grant a new trial when a verdict is rendered against the defendant by which his substantial rights have been prejudiced, upon his motion where the defendant has discovered important evidence in his favor since the verdict). In sum, the court in Chisum held that a motion for a new trial based upon newly discovered evidence is not a proper basis for relief under Arkansas's postconviction rule.

In the present case, Cigainero concedes her new trial motion below was based upon newly discovered evidence, claiming she only learned after her trial commenced that two of her jury members had previously signed the petition asking a grand jury be called to investigate the Christopher Cigainero homicide. While she concedes the Chisum holding appears to preclude new trial motions based upon newly discovered evidence, Cigainero argues Rule 37 relief is still available since the juror misconduct present in her case violated her constitutional right to a fair and impartial jury. See Ark. Const. art. 2, § 10. ¹ She also suggests that, in order for her counsel to exercise his valid judgment in the...