City of Casper v. Bowdish, 84-14

• Decision Date: 29 January 1986
• Docket Number: No. 84-14,84-14
• Parties: The CITY OF CASPER, Appellant (Employer/Defendant), v. Ralph C. BOWDISH, Appellee (Employee/Plaintiff).
• Court: Wyoming Supreme Court

Page 763

713 P.2d 763

The CITY OF CASPER, Appellant (Employer/Defendant), v. Ralph C. BOWDISH, Appellee (Employee/Plaintiff).

No. 84-14.

Supreme Court of Wyoming.

Jan. 29, 1986.

James R. Bell, Deputy City Atty., Casper, for appellant.

David A. Drell, Casper, for appellee.

Before THOMAS, C.J., and ROSE, ^* ROONEY, ^** BROWN, and CARDINE, JJ.

THOMAS, Chief Justice.

In this case the City of Casper questions the sufficiency of the evidence to support an award of permanent total disability pursuant to the Worker's Compensation Act ( §§ 27-12-101, W.S. 1977, et seq.) under the "odd-lot" doctrine. The district court found that Ralph C. Bowdish was permanently incapacitated from performing any work at any gainful occupation for which he was reasonably suited by experience or training. In order to make this finding the district court must have been satisfied that Bowdish had met his burden of proof in demonstrating total permanent disability under the "odd-lot" doctrine thereby shifting to the City of Casper the burden of establishing that light work of a special nature which Bowdish could perform but which is not generally available in fact was available to Bowdish. The City of Casper did not offer any evidence of the availability of light work of a special nature which Bowdish could perform. We agree with the disposition of this case by the district court, and we affirm.

The City of Casper states the issue in the case in this way:

"Did the District Court err in finding Ralph Bowdish permanently incapacitated from performing any work at any gainful occupation for which he is reasonably suited by experience or training, and thereby awarding permanent total disability benefits based upon such finding?"

Bowdish essentially restates the same issue in his Brief of Appellee.

In presenting its argument the stance of the City of Casper is that the evidence before the court was not sufficient to bring Bowdish within the "odd-lot" doctrine under our decisions in Schepanovich v. United States Steel Corporation, Wyo., 669 P.2d 522 (1983); Cardin v. Morrison-Knudsen, Wyo., 603 P.2d 862 (1979); and In re Iles, 56 Wyo. 443, 110 P.2d 826 (1941). The argument of Ralph C. Bowdish is that he did bring himself within that line of authority, and the City of Casper failed to assume the burden of proof then cast upon it by the "odd-lot" doctrine.

Ralph C. Bowdish injured his back in February of 1982 when he slipped on ice and fell while getting out of the cab of a truck. He struck the edge of the cab or the seat with his lower back and in attempting to catch himself caught the door with his right arm, which jerked his upper back. Initial treatment was conservative, and Bowdish actually returned to his employment as an automotive mechanic and welder for the City of Casper, under a release by the treating physician which specified no heavy lifting. In that instance, however, his symptoms reoccurred, and conservative treatment was continued. When he was not working he received temporary total disability benefits under the Wyoming Worker's Compensation Act. At one point in time the City of Casper withdrew its approval of the temporary total disability benefits, but later it changed its position, and the payment of those benefits continued until August of 1983. The City of Casper then filed a petition for modification in which it asserted that Ralph C. Bowdish no longer was entitled to temporary total disability payments and that he should be evaluated as having a permanent partial disability in an amount not to exceed five percent of his total body. The case went to hearing in October of 1983, and following the hearing the district court approved an award of one hundred percent permanent total disability.

The evidence at the hearing consisted of the testimony of Ralph C. Bowdish and the depositions of two orthopedic surgeons. One of the orthopedic surgeons was Bowdish's treating physician, and the other was an examining physician who saw Bowdish at the request of the City of Casper. The orthopedic surgeon who had treated Bowdish testified that he had a herniated disc in his low back, and that conclusion, which was reached by physical examination, had been confirmed with X rays and sophisticated X ray techniques. The treating physician gave his opinion that Bowdish was one hundred percent disabled from doing physical work. He defined that as doing any lifting, pulling, tugging or getting in bizarre or unusual positions. He estimated that if Bowdish were standing straight up without having to bend, lifting more than ten or fifteen pounds would cause him problems. If he had to bend over and lift anything, according to that doctor, he would be very likely to suffer a reoccurrence of the acute phase of his symptoms. That physician also gave his opinion that Bowdish had a thirty percent permanent disability of his body as a whole.

The examining orthopedic surgeon agreed that Bowdish was one hundred percent disabled from being a mechanic. He explained a difference in his evaluation of Bowdish as having a five percent disability of his body as a whole from the thirty percent disability of the body as a whole given by the treating orthopedic surgeon on the basis of objective evaluations at the time of his examination. His testimony suggested that the disc condition may have spontaneously resolved itself by the time of his examination. Even so, he testified that of the functions which a mechanic might perform Bowdish could not do those that would involve vigorous activity, frequent bending over and heavy lifting.

Bowdish testified that he had a twelfth grade education and had been a mechanic for some twenty-seven years. He stated that in his job for the City of Casper he did repair work on engines, transmissions, brakes, suspension, steering, and all types of repair work on trucks and heavy equipment. He also did welding, and that these duties involved a lot of heavy lifting. These functions were similar to the duties involved in his prior jobs. He did testify that he had been a working foreman about seven years during his prior experience and that he also had worked one year as a shop foreman. As a working, supervisory foreman he would assign work to other mechanics and supervise their work as well as doing mechanical work himself. In that capacity he spent about seventy-five to eighty percent of his time working as a mechanic and the balance as a supervisor. When he worked as shop foreman his duties were to talk to...