City of Miami v. Cornett, 81-85
Decision Date | 29 January 1985 |
Docket Number | No. 81-85,81-85 |
Citation | 10 Fla. L. Weekly 283,463 So.2d 399 |
Parties | 10 Fla. L. Weekly 283 CITY OF MIAMI, Officer J. O'Neil and Officer Jewitt, Appellants, v. Charles CORNETT, a/k/a Willie Williams, Appellee. |
Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Lucia Allen Dougherty, City Atty., Fowler, White, Burnett, Hurley, Banick & Strickroot and Michael J. Murphy and Gregor M. Gaebe, Miami, for appellants.
Steel, Hector & Davis, Miami, and Talbot D'Alemberte, Tallahassee, as court-appointed amicus curiae, for appellee.
Janet Reno, State Atty., and Ira N. Loewy, Asst. State Atty., for State Attorney as amicus curiae.
James C. Burke, Miami, for Dade County Black Lawyers' Association, Inc., as amicus curiae.
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and BASKIN and DANIEL S. PEARSON, JJ.
The sole question on this appeal is whether the exercise of peremptory challenges in civil proceedings is subject to the rule announced in State v. Neil, 457 So.2d 481 (Fla.1984), a criminal case, that both parties may challenge the alleged improper use of peremptory challenges to exclude from jury service prospective jurors solely on the basis of race. 1 We conclude that the principle upon which Neil is founded--that parties have a right to an impartial jury--applies with equal force to a civil jury trial. We thus unhesitatingly affirm the order under review.
Charles Cornett, a black man, instituted suit against the City of Miami and two of its police officers for damages sustained when he was shot in the back while being apprehended by the officers. This alleged use of excessive force left Cornett totally paralyzed from the waist down. An all-white jury returned a verdict for the defendants.
The trial judge granted Cornett a new trial, setting forth his reasons in a written order from which this appeal is taken. The order states in pertinent part:
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Other portions of the order indicate that the trial judge, apparently of the belief at the time of trial that Swain v. Alabama 2 proscribed inquiry into whether the defendants' peremptory challenges were being exercised solely on the basis of race, 3 became persuaded after the trial that the constraints of Swain, being shed elsewhere, 4 would some day be shed in Florida. The Florida Supreme Court's decision in State v. Neil proved him to be correct.
In Neil, the court, finding that further adherence to the test established in Swain v. Alabama would impede rather than further the right to a fair and impartial trial guaranteed by the Florida Constitution, held that the test to be thereafter applied in Florida courts was this:
457 So.2d at 486-87 (footnotes omitted).
We now turn to the question of whether Neil applies to civil cases. Neil focused on Article I, Section 16 of the Florida Constitution, which...
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...595 So.2d 38, 40 (Fla.1992). "[A]nything less than an impartial jury is the functional equivalent of no jury at all." Miami v. Cornett, 463 So.2d 399, 402 (Fla.App.1985); People v. Wheeler, supra, 22 Cal.3d at 266, 148 Cal.Rptr. 890, 583 P.2d 748. Under the circumstances of this case, wipin......
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