Claudia K., In re, 118

• Decision Date: 01 June 1982
• Docket Number: No. 118,No. 56022,118,56022
• Parties: , 64 Ill.Dec. 526, 6 Ed. Law Rep. 1025 In re CLAUDIA K., a Minor, Appellee (Wauconda School Districtet al., Appellants).
• Court: Illinois Supreme Court

Page 78

440 N.E.2d 78

91 Ill.2d 469, 64 Ill.Dec. 526, 6 Ed.

Law Rep. 1025

In re CLAUDIA K., a Minor, Appellee (Wauconda School District No. 118 et al., Appellants).

No. 56022.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

June 1, 1982.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 1, 1982.

Brydges, Riseborough, Morris, Franke & Miller, Waukegan (Ralph Miller, Leo J. Athas, and John M. Collins, Jr., Waukegan, of counsel), for appellants.

Brooke R. Whitted and Matthew David Cohen, Canel, Aronson & Whitted, Chicago, for appellee.

Julia Quinn Dempsey, Bernetta D. Bush, and Eugene M. Daly, Chicago, for amici curiae Illinois State Bd. of Educ.

UNDERWOOD, Justice:

Respondents, Wauconda School District No. 118 and the Special Education District of Lake County (collectively referred to here as the District), appeal from a judgment of the circuit court of Lake County issuing a writ of mandamus commanding the District to pay care and treatment costs for Claudia K., a minor ward of the court. We allowed a motion under Rule 302(b) to transfer the appeal from the appellate court to this court. 73 Ill.2d R. 302(b).

Claudia K., who had received "A's" and "B's" in ninth grade, was not doing well when she quit school in the 10th grade. The record does not reflect the date she stopped attending, but she was not enrolled in September 1980. During that month, and just a short time before her 17th birthday, she was arrested in a tavern and taken to the police station. She struggled with an officer, kicking him several times, and when placed in a cell she started a fire by igniting the blankets. A delinquency petition was subsequently filed charging her with arson, and she was held in a youth detention home because of her past "psychiatric history." The court also ordered that psychiatric diagnostic tests be conducted. Her mother, Mrs. I., refused to let Claudia come back home. At the subsequent hearing Claudia admitted the arson charge, and her mother and stepfather, after relating her three attempted suicides and their inability to control her, again refused to take her home. The court ordered Claudia placed in a foster home, and the cause was continued for further reports and consideration. In October she was adjudged a delinquent, placed on probation and continued in the foster home.

In December, the court was informed by the probation department that Claudia's psychologist had recommended that she be transferred from Ravenswood Hospital to Barclay Hospital. There is no explanation in the record how or why Claudia was in Ravenswood, but the transfer request was in part due to the expiration of her benefits under a public aid program. The court directed that she be placed in Barclay for about two weeks, and ordered Lake County to pay the substantial costs amounting to $235 per day for the hospital and $400 per week in psychiatrist's fees. In February 1981, Claudia was admitted to Ridgeway Hospital, an institution serviced by Associates in Adolescent Psychiatry, S.C. (AAP).

In April a supplemental petition was filed by the State's Attorney to change Claudia's status to that of a neglected minor. After hearing the testimony that she was actively suicidal, subject to severe mood swings and bouts of deep depression, and that, if released, she would probably commit suicide, the court vacated its previous adjudication of delinquency and adjudged Claudia a neglected minor. The Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) was appointed temporary guardian; and the administrator of Ridgeway Hospital was ordered not to release Claudia except on notice to the probation department and then to release her only to the probation officer. The District was admonished to complete its case study evaluation of Claudia, whose mother had apparently reenrolled her in school in March, including participation from DCFS and DMHDD (Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities).

The District's involvement in this case results from obligations imposed upon it by Federal legislation (Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, 20 U.S.C. sec. 1401 et seq. (1976)), and regulations promulgated thereunder (34 C.F.R. pt. 300 (1981)), together with the School Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1979, ch. 122, pars. 14-1 through 14-14.01) and rules promulgated thereunder by the Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) ("Rules and Regulations for the Administration and Operation of Special Education in Illinois," effective February 1, 1979; see 3 Ill.Reg. 932-1004 (Jan. 12, 1979), and subsequent amendments). Pursuant thereto the District must prepare, in conjunction with the parents of the child and representatives of other State agencies (i.e., DCFS, DMHDD) who might be involved at some point in providing related services, an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for every child eligible for special education services. Claudia's IEP was not fully determined at the multidisciplinary staff conference because it was felt that she first needed to be stabilized--the IEP "to be implemented when suicidal issues are settled." The School Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1979, ch. 122, par. 14-8.02) provides that either the parents or the District may appeal through an established administrative process if dissatisfied with the proposed IEP, but no appeal was taken.

In June Dr. Marvin Schwarz, Claudia's attending physician and president of AAP, and Claudia's mother (petitioners) sought a writ of mandamus to compel the District to place Claudia in an appropriate residential facility and to pay in full for all special education and related services. Following several hearings the court in July found that Claudia was a handicapped child eligible for special education and related services under both State and Federal laws and issued a writ commanding the District to place her in "an appropriate residential facility" and to assume "full financial responsibility" therefor.

In August Dr. Schwarz and Mrs. I. petitioned for a rule to show cause why the District should not be held in contempt, alleging the District had not made good-faith efforts to place Claudia. An amended order was thereafter entered directing placement by September 25. In November, after the District's fruitless search of possible out-of-State facilities, which the court found was made in good faith, Claudia was still at Ridgeway Hospital, which had been providing her with free services and was complaining that it could not do so much longer. At this point, and after much argument and discussion, the court entered the order from which this appeal is taken. That order, which incorporated by reference earlier orders and findings, directed the District to assume total financial responsibility for Claudia's care at Ridgeway from August 30 to December 14, 1981, including hospital expenses as well as fees for professional services rendered by AAP. In addition the order provided that Claudia be transferred to Riveredge Hospital on December 14 for a period of diagnosis and evaluation until January 22, 1982. Costs of that care and treatment were to be paid in full by the District, which was also to pay for all ongoing treatment by AAP after December 14. The order was bottomed on the court's findings that Claudia was a handicapped student entitled to special education and related services; that psychotherapy was a related service; that the District, despite its duty to do so, had failed to supply an appropriate residential placement for Claudia; that there were no appropriate State facilities available; and that Ridgeway Hospital was an appropriate placement.

The underlying problem in this case is one of liability for the cost of the intensive and expensive treatment ordered for Claudia. Simply stated, her mother and her doctor argue that the therapy she requires is necessary for her to make educational progress; therefore, under Federal and State law the District must provide it free. The District maintains that it has a responsibility to provide medical services only for diagnostic and evaluative purposes and that the treatment of her suicidal condition is a medical problem; therefore, psychotherapy, which the District considers a medical "curative" treatment, is outside its responsibility. Moreover the District argues that, because of the suicide problem, Claudia is uneducable and psychotherapy cannot be a service "related" to an educational program which cannot be developed. Many other issues are argued, but in view of our conclusion we need discuss only the few which follow.

Claudia's mother clearly has standing under the Juvenile Court Act (Ill.Rev.Stat.1979, ch. 37, pars. 701-20, 704-1) to file petitions in juvenile actions involving her daughter. (Cf. In re Jennings (1977), 68 Ill.2d 125, 129-31, 11 Ill.Dec. 256, 368 N.E.2d 864 (discussion of the operation of sections 1-20, 4-1, and 4-3).) Since she joined in the petition for the writ of mandamus there is no reason to address respondents' argument that Dr. Schwarz and AAP did not have standing.

Respondents also contend that, in a proceeding under the Juvenile Court Act, the circuit court has no mandamus power other than that contained in section 5-8(2) of the Act, and that a school district is not an agency as therein specified and defined in section 1-6 (Ill.Rev.Stat.1979, ch. 37, pars. 705-8(2) and 701-6). However, this court said in In re Greene (1979), 76 Ill.2d 204, 213, 28 Ill.Dec. 525, 390 N.E.2d 884, "the juvenile court is simply a division of the circuit court (Ill.Rev.Stat.1977, ch. 37, par. 701-8; People v. Jiles (1969), 43 Ill.2d 145, 147, 251 N.E.2d 529) which, under article VI, section 9, of the Illinois Constitution of 1970, has jurisdiction of all justiciable matters." The writ of mandamus was long known at common law (People ex rel. German Insurance Co. v. Williams (1893), 145 Ill. 573, 577, 33 N.E.2d 849; 55 C.J.S. Mandamus secs. 2(a), 6 (1948)) and has long been recognized to lie within the inherent power and jurisdiction of our circuit courts (e.g., People ex rel....