Cleveland v. Bryant

• Decision Date: 15 February 1999
• Docket Number: No. A98A1681.,A98A1681.
• Parties: CLEVELAND v. BRYANT et al.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

512 S.E.2d 360

236 Ga. App. 459

CLEVELAND v. BRYANT et al.

No. A98A1681.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

February 15, 1999.

Certiorari Denied May 28, 1999.

L.B. Kent, Columbus, for appellant.

Self, Mullins, Robinson, Marchetti & Kamenski, Richard A. Marchetti, Columbus, for appellees.

JOHNSON, Chief Judge.

Gloria Cleveland sued Darrel Bryant and Woodbuilding Components, Inc. (collectively "Bryant"), for injuries she sustained in a car accident. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the defendants. Cleveland appeals from the judgment entered on the verdict and the denial of her motion for new trial.

The evidence conflicts as to the cause of the accident. Cleveland testified that she was traveling on 20th Street and approached the intersection of 20th and Highway 280. Highway 280 is a four-lane highway divided by a grassy median. Cleveland stopped at a stop sign at the intersection, crossed the two southbound lanes of Highway 280, and stopped in a paved section of the median. She saw Bryant's tractor-trailer approaching in the right-hand lane and decided there was enough distance between them that she could turn. She turned left into the inside (left) lane of the highway and proceeded 100 to 150 feet north before Bryant's tractor-trailer struck her car. Cleveland claimed the truck came into her lane and hit her car.

Bryant testified that he was traveling northbound on Highway 280 in the lane nearest the median and that as he passed the intersection at 20th Street, he glanced in his side mirror and saw the front of Cleveland's car going underneath his trailer. He also introduced expert testimony that the evidence from the accident was consistent with a 40-45 degree angle impact and "absolutely totally inconsistent with a sideswiping action." An eyewitness told an investigator just moments after the collision that he saw Cleveland pull out of the median directly into the side of the truck. 1. Because there are conflicts in the evidence as to the cause of the collision, and the evidence does not demand a verdict in Cleveland's favor, the trial court did not err in denying her motion for directed verdict on the issue of liability. See Flournoy v. Brown, 226 Ga.App. 857, 861(4), 487 S.E.2d 683 (1997).

2. Cleveland enumerates as error the trial court's admitting into evidence an animated videotape illustrating an expert witness' opinion as to how the accident occurred. She argues the re-enactment shown on the videotape was not supported by the evidence in the case. We find no grounds for reversal.

At trial, an expert in accident reconstruction testified that he visited the accident scene, made measurements, inspected the tractor-trailer, reviewed photographs of the damaged truck and car, witnessed the truck traveling on the roadway in an experiment and examined a car of the same make as Cleveland's. He then gave his opinion as to how the collision occurred. The expert concluded that the accident occurred in the lane nearest the median and that Cleveland's car went beneath the trailer at a 40-45 degree angle. After giving this testimony, the expert testified that he prepared a computer-generated animation illustrating his opinion as to how the accident occurred. He stated that the animation reflected a fair and accurate representation of his opinion as to how the collision occurred.

Cleveland complains that the videotape was not accurate because it showed her car leaving the intersection at an angle, her car going backwards rather than counterclockwise, the truck traveling down the lane before the collision, and damage to certain parts of her car; none of this, she claims, was supported by the evidence.

Re-enactments of events which are substantially different from the facts of the case and which, because of the differences, might be prejudicial and misleading, should not be used at trial. Pickren v. State, 269 Ga. 453, 455(2), 500 S.E.2d 566 (1998). However, a computer-generated animation is admissible if it is a fair and accurate representation of the scene sought to be depicted. Such a matter addresses itself to the discretion of the trial court, which will not be controlled absent abuse. See Cornell v. State, 265 Ga. 904, 905(2), 463 S.E.2d 702 (1995). Based on our review of the record, including photographs, trial testimony and the videotape, the animation was sufficiently similar to the evidence introduced at trial. It also appears to be an accurate representation of the expert's opinion as to how the collision occurred. We find no abuse of discretion. See generally Stephens v. State, 214 Ga.App. 183, 185(4), 447 S.E.2d 26 (1994).

3. Cleveland claims the police officer should not have been permitted to testify that Cleveland told him at the scene that she did not see the truck before the collision occurred. We disagree. Cleveland's statement to police, made just minutes after the accident, was admissible as a prior inconsistent statement, inasmuch as Cleveland testified at trial that she saw the truck before she turned. See generally Knight v. State, 266 Ga. 47, 48(2), 464 S.E.2d 201 (1995). It was also admissible as a statement against interest. See OCGA § 24-3-31. The trial court's decision to allow the testimony was not clearly erroneous. See Gilbert Corp. &c. v. Yetman, 219 Ga.App. 320, 322(2), 464 S.E.2d 822 (1995).

4. Cleveland asserts it was error to permit...