Cloird v. State

• Decision Date: 23 May 2002
• Docket Number: No. CR 93-284.,CR 93-284.
• Citation: 349 Ark. 33,76 S.W.3d 813
• Parties: Gary T. CLOIRD v. STATE of Arkansas.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

76 S.W.3d 813

349 Ark. 33

Gary T. CLOIRD v. STATE of Arkansas.

No. CR 93-284.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

May 23, 2002.

Appellant, Pro Se.

No response.

PER CURIAM.

In 1992, Gary Cloird, who is also known as Simba Kali, was found guilty of rape and theft of property. An aggregate sentence of thirty-five years' imprisonment and a fine of $1,000 were imposed. We affirmed. Cloird v. State, 314 Ark. 296, 862 S.W.2d 211 (1993). Cloird now asks this court to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court to consider a petition for writ of error coram nobis. He further seeks issuance by this court of a writ of habeas corpus and appointment of counsel. The petition for leave to proceed in the trial court is necessary because the circuit court can entertain a petition for writ of error coram nobis after a judgment has been affirmed on appeal only after we grant permission. Dansby v. State, 343 Ark. 635, 37 S.W.3d 599 (2001). Because the coram nobis and habeas portions of the petition present separate issues and require a different disposition, for the sake of clarity we will treat the two aspects of the petition separately.

I.

Petition to reinvest jurisdiction in the trial court to consider a petition for writ of error coram nobis

A writ of error coram nobis is an extraordinarily rare remedy, more known for its denial than its approval. State v. Larimore, 341 Ark. 397, 17 S.W.3d 87 (2000). The writ is allowed only under compelling circumstances to achieve justice and to address errors of the most fundamental nature. Pitts v. State, 336 Ark. 580, 986 S.W.2d 407 (1999). We have held that a writ of error coram nobis was available to address certain errors of the most fundamental nature that are found in one of four categories: insanity at the time of trial, a coerced guilty plea, material evidence withheld by the prosecutor, or a third-party confession to the crime during the time between conviction and appeal. Pitts, supra, citing Penn v. State, 282 Ark. 571, 670 S.W.2d 426 (1984). Coram nobis proceedings are attended by a strong presumption that the judgment of conviction is valid.

As grounds for the writ of error coram nobis, petitioner contends that the State withheld results of a DNA comparison which would have exonerated him of the rape charge. The Supreme Court in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963) held that "the suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is material to guilt or punishment, irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution." Id. In Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 119 S.Ct. 1936, 144 L.Ed.2d 286, (1999) the Court revisited Brady and explained its implications. It noted that since the decision in Brady, the court had held that the duty to disclose such evidence is applicable even though there has been no request by the accused, and that the duty encompasses impeachment evidence as well as exculpatory evidence. Such evidence is material "if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Moreover, the rule encompasses evidence "known only to police investigators and not the prosecutor." Therefore, to comply with Brady, "the individual prosecutor has a duty to learn of any favorable evidence known to the others acting on the government's behalf...." Strickler, supra; Larimore, supra. In Strickler, the court set out the three elements of a true Brady violation: (1) the evidence at issue must be favorable to the accused, either because it is exculpatory, or because it is impeaching; (2) that the evidence must have been suppressed by the State, either willfully or inadvertently; and (3) prejudice must have ensued.

In the instant case, petitioner has appended to the petition a laboratory report on forensic testing by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) dated July 23, 1992. (Petitioner's trial was held August 24, 1992.) The report, which is addressed to a serologist with the Arkansas State Crime Laboratory, reflects that the FBI lab received the following items for testing: vaginal swabs obtained from the victim, a cutting from the victim's jeans, and a cutting from the victim's underwear. It also received samples of the blood of five men, including petitioner, who had been identified by the authorities as the persons who sexually assaulted the victim. According to the report, DNA comparisons indicated that petitioner was excluded from having contributed to the samples taken from the victim. Petitioner contends that he was unable to present the evidence earlier because heretofore he had been unable to obtain a copy of the DNA test results.

While it is possible to commit rape without leaving evidence on which DNA comparisons can be conducted, there can be little doubt that the defense could have used the information in the FBI report to bolster its argument, which was made to the jury at trial, that there was no scientific evidence to support the charge of rape as it applied to petitioner.

We find that petitioner Cloird has stated a possible Brady violation which warrants our reinvesting jurisdiction in trial court so that Cloird may file a petition for writ of error coram nobis limited to the issue of whether the DNA test results were available to the State before trial, whether the DNA evidence, if available to the State before trial, was indeed favorable to the defense, and whether prejudice ensued to the defense as a result of the State's failure to disclose the DNA test results. Also, if the DNA test results were withheld from the defense, the trial court must decide whether there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Finally, coram nobis proceedings require the petitioner to show that he proceeded with due diligence in making application for relief. See Penn, supra, citing Troglin v. State, 257 Ark. 644, 519 S.W.2d 740 (1975). Accordingly, the trial court should consider whether petitioner raised the possible Brady violation in a timely manner.

Petitioner is responsible for filing his petition for writ of error coram nobis, limited to the Brady issue, in the trial court within thirty days of the date of this opinion. It shall be within the trial court's discretion to appoint counsel for the hearing, and for any subsequent appeal to this court that petitioner may elect to pursue in the event of a ruling adverse to him. If petitioner prevails and a writ of error coram nobis is issued, he is entitled to a new trial. See Larimore v. State, 327 Ark. 271, 938 S.W.2d 818 (1997).

With respect to all other grounds raised in the petition, relief is denied. Petitioner has filed several motions pertaining to the coram nobis action filed here. As jurisdiction is being returned to the trial court to consider the one possible meritorious point, we find the motions to be moot.

II.

Petition for writ of habeas corpus

We find one claim, which will be explained later, that petitioner has raised as a ground for issuance of a writ of habeas corpus that requires an evidentiary hearing in the trial court so that findings of fact can be made, i.e. the claim that he was tried for the offense of rape in a court without jurisdiction in that the rape did not occur within that court's jurisdiction. A petition for writ of habeas corpus is the proper means to raise the issue of whether a court had jurisdiction to try a defendant for a criminal offense. Waddle v. Sargent, 313 Ark. 539, 855 S.W.2d 919 (1993). Habeas corpus is a vital privilege that is protected by the Arkansas Constitution. Ark. Const. Art 2, § 11. A writ of habeas corpus will be granted forthwith upon a showing by affidavit or other evidence that there is probable cause to believe a person is being detained without lawful authority. Ark.Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a) (1987). This court has made it clear that a writ of habeas corpus will issue when a commitment is invalid on its face or when the sentencing court lacked jurisdiction to enter or modify the sentence. Arkansas Dept. of Correction v. Stapleton, 345 Ark. 500, 51 S.W.3d 862 (2001), citing Renshaw v. Norris, 337 Ark. 494, 989 S.W.2d 515 (1999); Sawyer v. State, 327 Ark. 421, 938 S.W.2d 843 (1997).

While a writ of habeas corpus will not be issued to correct errors or irregularities that occurred at trial, the writ is appropriate when a person is detained without lawful authority. See Kozal v. Board of Correction, 310 Ark. 648, 840 S.W.2d 164 (1992). This includes the unlawful confinement of an individual under a sentence longer than that permitted by statute, which constitutes a denial of liberty without due process of law. Renshaw, supra., Meny v. Norris, 340 Ark. 418, 13 S.W.3d 143 (2000).

Likewise, the allegation of that an offense occurred outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court is a cognizable in a habeas proceeding. See Waddle, supra. The law in this State is that a criminal trial must be held in the county in which the crime was committed unless the accused requests a change of venue to another county which, in any case, must be a part of the judicial district served by the court. Kemp v. State, 324 Ark. 178, 919 S.W.2d 943 (1996), Waddle, supra.

The State argues that the fact that petitioner earlier filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the circuit court in the county in which he was incarcerated that raised the same jurisdictional issue raised in this petition and that the petition was denied by that court renders the issue res judicata in that the earlier ruling is the law of the case.¹ The allegation that the trial court lacked jurisdiction, however, is a claim sufficient to void a judgment absolutely. Clines v. State, 282 Ark. 541, 669 S.W.2d 883 (1984). We have held...