Colella v. Bd. of Assessors

• Decision Date: 30 November 2000
• Citation: 741 N.E.2d 113,718 N.Y.S.2d 268,95 N.Y.2d 401
• Parties: In the Matter of JULIET COLELLA et al., Respondents, v. BOARD OF ASSESSORS OF THE COUNTY OF NASSAU et al., Appellants.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

95 N.Y.2d 401

741 N.E.2d 113

718 N.Y.S.2d 268

In the Matter of JULIET COLELLA et al., Respondents, v. BOARD OF ASSESSORS OF THE COUNTY OF NASSAU et al., Appellants.

Court of Appeals of the State of New York.

Argued October 19, 2000.

Decided November 30, 2000.

Alfred F. Samenga, County Attorney of Nassau County, Mineola (Gerald R. Podlesak of counsel), for Board of Assessors of the County of Nassau, appellant.

Rivkin, Radler & Kremer, L. L. P., Uniondale (Evan H. Krinick, Erica B. Garay and Cheryl F. Korman of counsel), for Yun Lin Temple, appellant. Hamburger, Maxon & Yaffe, L. L. P., Melville (Richard Hamburger, Lane T. Maxson and David N. Yaffe of counsel), for respondents.

Cohen Swados Wright Hanifin Bradford & Brett, L. L. P., Buffalo (Ian A. Bradford, Robert W. Patterson and Larry Kerman of counsel), for Town Board of the Town of Aurora and others, amici curiae.

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York City (Peter G. Bergmann and Brian T. McGovern of counsel), for New York Association of Homes and Services for the Aging, Inc., amicus curiae. Farrell Fritz, P. C., Uniondale (John M. Armentano and Colleen C. McMahon of counsel), for Incorporated Village of Old Westbury, amicus curiae.

Eliot Spitzer, Attorney General, Albany (Andrew D. Bing, Preeta D. Bansal and Daniel Smirlock of counsel), for Attorney General of the State of New York, amicus curiae.

Chief Judge KAYE and Judges SMITH, CIPARICK, WESLEY and ROSENBLATT concur.

OPINION OF THE COURT

LEVINE, J.

Petitioners brought this CPLR article 78 proceeding against the Nassau County Board of Assessors challenging the Board's grant and renewal of a real property tax exemption under RPTL 420-a (for "property [used] exclusively for religious * * * purposes" [subd (1) (a)]), with respect to the land and building owned and occupied by appellant Yun Lin Temple in the Village of Old Westbury. The Temple is a religious corporation organized in California as a religious non-profit public benefit corporation. Its charter recites that it is dedicated to the promulgation, promotion and study of Black Sect Tibetan Tantric Buddhism.

Petitioners are residents of the Village whose homes are either immediately adjacent to or nearby the Temple's property. Their petition alleges that they have been injured in being subject to higher real property taxes as a result of the wrongfully granted exemption to the Temple property. Petitioners do not contest that the Temple's exclusive use of the property is, as the Temple asserts, for purely non-profit religious purposes of teaching, meditation and the spiritual development of members of that Buddhist sect. Rather, petitioners assert that the Temple lost its entitlement to the statutory religious use exemption because of non-compliance with the Village's zoning ordinance (requiring a special permit for use as a house of worship in the residential district where the Temple's property is located) and, as a foreign religious corporation, for failing to obtain authority to do business in this State under the Business Corporation Law, and to obtain authority to conduct activities in this State pursuant to the Not-For-Profit Corporation Law.

On objections in point of law by the Board and the Temple's motion to dismiss, Supreme Court dismissed the petition on the grounds that petitioners lacked standing and that entitlement to the religious use exemption under RPTL 420-a was not dependent upon an applicant's compliance with local zoning laws or the requirements of the Business Corporation Law or Not-For-Profit Corporation Law.

The Appellate Division reversed (266 AD2d 286), disagreeing with Supreme Court on both grounds. We granted leave to appeal and now reverse, concluding that petitioners lacked standing to bring this proceeding, and thus reaching no other issue.

Petitioners claim that, as real property owners of Nassau County, they have standing because they are directly harmed financially in a calculable (albeit small) amount by an erroneous grant of a religious use exemption from taxation of the Temple's property. They point out that the effect of taking the Temple's property off the tax rolls is to reduce the total assessed value of all non-exempt properties in the County. They claim injury to the extent that the tax rate applied to the remaining total assessed property in the County (including their own) must be increased to make up for the lost revenue attributable to the removal of the Temple's property from the tax rolls.

While petitioners may have thus demonstrated that, as County real property owners and taxpayers, they have incurred some possible measurable financial damage from the challenged tax exemption granted the Temple for its single parcel here, that alone cannot be deemed enough to confer standing without entirely overruling Van Deventer v Long Is. City (139 NY 133 [1893]). This Court held in Van Deventer that a real property taxpayer whose "only complaint * * * is that he was taxed too much, because other property was omitted from the rolls" (id., at 138) had no legal recourse to complain of an individual real property tax exemption granted with respect to property of another. The Van Deventer Court pointed to the serious policy implications if a taxpayer was accorded standing to judicially challenge an individual exemption from real property taxation solely because of its adverse effect on that person's real property tax liability. First, the Court noted that such a theory of taxpayer standing would extend not only to a challenge to an exclusion of a parcel from the tax rolls, but to "those numerous cases" where properties for one reason or another are under-assessed (id., at 138). The Court recognized that acceptance of the plaintiff's claim of standing would seriously impair the promptness, certainty and finality necessary for the effective enforcement of any system of local real property taxation.

"It is quite apparent that if the plaintiff's contention is well founded very few assessments could stand assaults, and that the collection of revenues for governmental purposes would be very uncertain, and that interminable litigation would attend its collection" (id., at 138).

Time has not diminished the validity or seriousness of the concerns that led this Court in Van Deventer to deny taxpayer standing in situations such as presented here.

Our later decision in Matter of Dudley v Kerwick (52 NY2d 542)

does not mandate automatic taxpayer standing to challenge the grant of the religious use exemption here. In Dudley, we remarked that the "gist of the petitions is that they allege a broad perversion of the entire process of granting exemptions, with the resulting deterioration of the tax base and imposition on petitioners of a hugely disproportionate share of municipal expenses" (id., at 550). The petitions in Dudley alleged that the town assessor had granted exemptions to 88% of the town's landowners as officers in a single, purported religious denomination calling itself the Universal Life Church. We concluded in Dudley that, "[w]hen an assessor grants exemption from taxation in wholesale fashion indicating that he has arrogated this legislative power [to define the grounds for property tax exemptions] to himself, he cannot cloak himself with protection surrounding individual discretionary decisions, and relief by way of an article 78 proceeding will lie" (id., at 551).

We are not called upon...