Collier v. Archer

• Decision Date: 26 May 1914
• Citation: 167 S.W. 511,258 Mo. 383
• Parties: ROBERT E. L. COLLIER, Plaintiff in Error, v. JOHN ARCHER
• Court: Missouri Supreme Court

167 S.W. 511

258 Mo. 383

ROBERT E. L. COLLIER, Plaintiff in Error, v. JOHN ARCHER

Supreme Court of Missouri, Second Division

May 26, 1914

Error to Jackson Circuit Court. -- Hon. James E. Goodrich, Judge.

Affirmed.

J. M Rader, Clyde Taylor and Guthrie, Gamble & Street for plaintiff in error.

(1) Upon the execution of this deed, the grandchildren did not take a fee simple. Long v. Timms, 107 Mo. 512. (2) From the fact that this deed in describing the interest of the grandchildren omits words of inheritance, and hence does not create what at common law would be a fee tail, it does not follow that it should be held to convey a fee simple to the grandchildren, nor that the court should fail to search for the true intent of the grantor and interpret the deed accordingly. R. S. 1909, sec. 583; Chiles v Bartleson, 21 Mo. 344; Gibson v. Bogy, 28 Mo 478; Thompson v. Craig, 64 Mo. 312; Bean v. Kenmuir, 86 Mo. 666; Orr v. Rode, 101 Mo. 387; Long v. Timms, 107 Mo. 512; McCullock v. Holmes, 111 Mo. 445; Cornwell v. Wulff, 148 Mo. 542; Walton v. Drumtra, 152 Mo. 489; Speed v. Terminal Ry. Co., 163 Mo. 111; Yocum v. Siler, 164 Mo. 281; Utter v. Sidman, 170 Mo. 284; Chew v. Kellar, 171 Mo. 215; Roth v. Rauschenbusch, 173 Mo. 582; Underwood v. Cave, 176 Mo. 1; Gannon v. Albright, 183 Mo. 238; Williamson et al. v. Brown, 195 Mo. 313; Buxton v. Kroeger, 219 Mo. 224; Gibson v. Gibson, 239 Mo. 490. (3) The grantor intended that the grandchildren should have only a life estate and that at their death it should go to their issue, if they had any. 2 Blackstone, p. 106; 4 Kent, p. 5; 2 Preston on Estates, p. 473; Tiedman on Real Property, secs. 45, 46, 47; R. S. 1909, secs. 2870, 2872, 579; Farrar v. Christy, 24 Mo. 453; Harbison v. Swan, 58 Mo. 147; Thompson v. Craig, 64 Mo. 312; Kinney v. Mathews, 69 Mo. 520; Wood v. Kice, 103 Mo. 329; Cross v. Hoch, 149 Mo. 325; Yocum v. Siler, 160 Mo. 281; Gannon v. Pauk, 183 Mo. 265; Gannon v. Albright, 183 Mo. 238, 200 Mo. 75; Cox v. Jones, 229 Mo. 53; Threlkeld v. Threlkeld, 238 Mo. 459; Gibson v. Gibson, 239 Mo. 490. (4) Valentine had no issue when the deed was executed. The remainder to his children was contingent, and did not vest until his death. Emerson v. Hughes, 110 Mo. 627; Rozier v. Graham, 146 Mo. 352; Buxton v. Kroeger, 219 Mo. 224; Cox v. Jones, 229 Mo. 53; Gray v. Ward, 234 Mo. 291; Brown v. Tuschoff, 235 Mo. 449.

Simrall & Simrall, Kenneth McC. DeWeese and Sandusky & Sandusky for defendant in error.

(1) In a deed at common law the word "heirs" was necessary to create a fee simple estate. Tygard v. Hartwell, 204 Mo. 207; 1 Sharswood's Blackstone's Com., p. 107; 1 Jones, Real Prop. (Ed. 1886), sec. 5; 1 Washburn on Real Prop. (3 Ed.), p. 71; 2 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law (2 Ed.), p. 367. This rule was not inflexible in cases of wills. Gannon v. Pauk, 183 Mo. 275. (2) As the word "heirs" was necessary at common law in a deed to create a fee, so the words "heirs of the body," or "bodily heirs" was necessary at common law in a deed to create a fee tail. 1 Sharswood's Blackstone's Com., p. 115 (foot p. 477); 1 Washburn on Real Prop. (3 Ed.), pp. 87, 89, 92, secs. 24, 31, 39, 40; 1 Jones, Real Prop. (Ed. 1886), sec. 614; 2 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law (2 Ed.), p. 372; Tygard v. Hartwell, 204 Mo. 207; Yocum v. Siler, 160 Mo. 292; Gannon v. Pauk, 183 Mo. 273. (3) It will be observed that this deed does not contain the words "heirs," nor the words "heirs of the body," neither in the grant to Valentine S. P. Collier and Louisia F. Collier, nor in stating the contingency upon which the land should pass to Frances E. Long. The deed did not, therefore, at common law, create either a fee simple or a fee tail estate in Valentine S. P. Collier and Louisia F. Collier, but at common law created in them only a life estate. By our statute (R. S. 1835, p. 119, title "Conveyances," sec. 2) it passed the fee simple title, and the subsequent clause in relation to their "Death without issue" merely marked the contingency upon the happening of which the estate should pass to Frances E. Long. It follows that Sec. 5, R. S. 1835, p. 119, has no application to this case. (4) The deed in controversy conveyed, by our statute, a fee simple title to Valentine S. P. Collier and Louisia F. Collier. R. S. 1835, p. 119, title "Conveyances," sec. 2; Tygard v. Hartwell, 204 Mo. 207. And this fee simple estate will not be cut down to a lesser estate by "subsequent ambiguous words, inferential in their intent." Gannon v. Pauk, 200 Mo. 75; Gannon v. Albright, 183 Mo. 239; Yocum v. Siler, 160 Mo. 281; Yocum v. Parker 130 F. 722, 134 F. 205. As the deed in controversy created a fee simple estate by statute (the statute in this instance plainly giving effect to what the grantor intended by the words "absolute property") the learning in the books as to the technical effect, at common law, of the words "Dying without issue," when used in connection with the word "heirs," does not arise in this case. When section 6, R. S. 1845, p. 220, was passed, there had been no decision in Missouri on the technical effect of the words "dying without issue," in a conveyance of land. This section construed these words, and so anticipated the vexed question, but the section was and is in harmony with the law in Missouri without this section. By all authorities these words were ambiguous. 8 Bush. (Ky.), 636; 6 Ohio St. 563; Yocum v. Siler, 160 Mo. 294; 4 Kent's Com. (12 Ed.), star p. 281, foot p. 301. And being ambiguous, they cannot cut down a prior fee simple estate. R. S. 1835, p. 119, sec. 2.

ROY, C. Williams, C., concurs.

OPINION

ROY, C. --

This suit was begun in the circuit court of Clay county, and there was a change of venue to the circuit court of Jackson county at Kansas City. The petition is in two counts; the first to quiet title to so much of the north ninety acres of the east half of section eight, township fifty-one, range thirty-one, as lies south and east of the right of way of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, being about sixty acres; the second, in ejectment for the same land. There was a judgment for defendant, and plaintiff has appealed.

Valentine S. Peyton, the common source of title, executed a deed as follows:

"This indenture made and entered into this fifth day of December in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty six, between Valentine S. Peyton of the county of Clay and State of Missouri, of the one part, and Woodson J. Moss, of the county and State aforesaid of the other part, witnesseth:

"That whereas the said Valentine S. Peyton having realized from the sale of a tract of land, the property of his wife, Elizabeth Peyton, the sum of three thousand seven hundred and sixty-one dollars and seventy-nine cents, is desirous and willing to secure to her some equivalent for the same. Now, therefore in consideration of the premises aforesaid and with the view of providing for the support and maintenance of his said wife, and in consideration of the natural love and affection which he, the said Valentine S. Peyton, has for his grandchildren, Valentine Smallwood Peyton Collier and Louisia Francis Collier, being the children of his daughter Nancy McClanahan Collier, formerly Nancy McClanahan Peyton of Nicholas county, Kentucky, the said Valentine S. Peyton has granted, bargained, sold and set over and by these presents doth grant, bargain, sell and set over unto the said Woodson J. Moss, all that certain piece or parcel of land situate, lying and being in the county of Clay and State of Missouri aforesaid, to-wit: The north half of the tract whereon we now live to begin at the northwest corner of said tract, thence south on the west line thereof so far as by running the dividing line due east to the east line, thence with that line north to the northeast corner of said tract, and thence west to the beginning to contain one hundred and thirty-five acres. And also three certain slaves for life, to-wit: Henry, Jenny and Sarah.

"To have and to hold, receive and take the same to him the said Woodson J. Moss, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of him the said Woodson J. Moss, his heirs and assigns, forever.

"In trust, however, and to the intent and purpose that he, the said Wodson J. Moss shall and will employ and appropriate or cause to be employed and appropriated for the use and benefit of the said Elizabeth Peyton during her natural life all the rents, hire and profits of the said land and negroes allowing the said Elizabeth Peyton the personal occupation of the said land and the possession and use of the said negroes whensoever and as long as she may choose. And the said Woodson J. Moss is hereby authorized to sell at such time and on such terms as he may think best, all or any of said negroes and to put the money arising from such sale or sales to interest or pay over the same with the interest which may have accrued thereon, or the interest only, at his discretion, to the said Elizabeth Peyton, without security for its return in any event; and this conveyance is upon this further condition, to-wit: That at the death of the said Elizabeth Peyton, said conveyance to the said Woodson J Moss, his heirs and assigns, shall be null and void and the trust aforesaid shall cease, and the said land and one-half of the said negroes and their increase remaining unsold and one-half of the money unexpended arising from the sale of such negroes as may have been sold to revert and be the absolute property of the said Valentine Smallwood Peyton Collier and Louisia Francis Collier, said infant children of the said Nancy McClanahan Collier, and the other half of said negroes and their increase so remaining unsold and the one-half of the money unexpended arising as aforesaid to revert to and become the absolute...