Com. v. Lamb

• Decision Date: 05 November 1973
• Citation: 303 N.E.2d 122,1 Mass.App.Ct. 530
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Charles E. LAMB.
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 122

303 N.E.2d 122

1 Mass.App.Ct. 530

COMMONWEALTH v. Charles E. LAMB.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued Oct. 9, 1973.

Decided Nov. 5, 1973.

Robert V. Greco and Francis J. Stolarz, Boston, for defendant.

Thomas J. Mundy, Jr., Asst. Dist. Atty. (Kevin W. Kouri, Special Asst. Dist. Atty., with him), for the Commonwealth.

Before HALE, C.J., and GRANT and ARMSTRONG, JJ.

GRANT, Justice.

These are exceptions alleged by the defendant during the course of proceedings conducted under the provisions of G.L. c. 123A, § 6 (as amended by St.1969, c. 838, § 58), which resulted in the defendant's being committed as a sexually dangerous person to the treatment center established at the Massachusetts Correctional Institute (M.C.I.), Bridgewater, for the indeterminate statutory period of one day to life. See, generally, Commonwealth v. Ackers, 343 Mass. 63, 68, 175 N.E.2d 677 (1961); Commonwealth v. Dagle, 345 Mass. 539, 540--541, 188 N.E.2d 450 (1963), cert. den. 375 U.S. 863, 84 S.Ct. 131, 11 L.Ed.2d 89 (1963); Commonwealth v. Peterson, 348 Mass. 702, 704, 205 N.E.2d 719 (1965); Commonwealth v. McGruder, 348 Mass. 712, 714--715, 205 N.E.2d 726 (1965), cert. den. 383 U.S. 972, 86 S.Ct. 1277, 16 L.Ed.2d 312 (1966), reh. den. 384 U.S. 947, 86 S.Ct. 1466, 16 L.Ed.2d 545 (1966); Peterson, pert. 354 Mass. 110, 113--114, 236 N.E.2d 82 (1968).

1. The defendant was first brought into court on September 17, 1970, and the hearing which resulted in his first commitment to the treatment center for sixty days of examination and diagnosis was held on October 6, 1970. It was not until February 17, 1972, almost on the eve of the hearing on the petition brought by the district attorney for an indeterminate commitment to the treatment center, that the defendant filed a motion to dismiss the entire proceedings under G.L. c. 123A, § 6, which was accompanied by a set of requests for rulings of law. Both the motion, which was supported only by the unsworn statements of counsel, and the requests were designed to raise various constitutional questions as to the circumstances and manner in which the proceedings had been initiated by which the defendant had first been brought before the court in September of 1970. The motion was heard at the same time as the petition for indeterminate commitment. The motion and such of the requests as were brought into play by the defendant's testimony ¹ or by other evidence were denied, subject to the defendant's exceptions.

The defendant has been represented by counsel at all times since he was first brought into court, ² and no reason has been given why the questions which are now sought to be argued were not raised at the time of the hearing on the motion for an initial commitment for sixty days. See Peterson, petr., 354 Mass. 110, 115--116, 236 N.E.2d 82 (1968). We have nevertheless examined the questions with care and are of opinion that all of them were decided adversely to the defendant in Commonwealth v. Gomes, 355 Mass. 479, 483--485, 245 N.E.2d 429 (1969), and Gomes v. Gaughan, 471 F.2d 794, 798--800 (1st Cir. 1973). ³ These exceptions are overruled.

2. During the course of the hearing on the petition for indeterminate commitment Dr. Newman Cohen, a psychiatrist called by the district attorney, was permitted, of the defendant, to testify to the contents of various police reports which had been made available to him from the records of the correctional institutions at Walpole and Bridgewater and which indicated, among other things, that the crimes for which the defendant then stood committed ⁴ had been perpetrated with gross sexual overtones, and stated that the defendant had stayed with a homosexual, that the defendant had previously been placed on probation for three years for the abuse of a female child, and that he had also served a six-month sentence for fathering an illegitimate child. It is clear that the trial judge's decision to commit the defendant for an indeterminate period was based in part on this evidence. Whatever the law may have been at the time of the trial of this matter in March of 1972 (see Commonwealth v. McGruder, 348 Mass. 712, 713--715, 205 N.E.2d 726 (1965)), it is now settled that the admission of the prejudicial hearsay in police reports is reversible error. COMMONWEALTH V. BLADSA, MASS. (1972), 288 N.E.2D 813.^A The exceptions to the admission of such evidence are sustained.

3. We turn to another question of evidence which can reasonably be expected to arise at a retrial of this matter. At the outset of the testimony of each of the psychiatric witnesses called by the district attorney counsel for the defendant advised the court that the defendant would invoke the privilege accorded under G.L. c. 233, § 20B (as inserted by St.1968, c. 418), and asked the court to instruct the witness accordingly. The court, subject to the defendant's exception, refused to do so, and, subject to further exceptions, permitted Dr. Cohen to testify to conversations with the defendant while at the treatment center (under his initial commitment) in the course of which the defendant had admitted, among other things, the use of alcohol and drugs. That admission appears to have contributed to the witness' ultimate diagnosis of the defendant as a sexually dangerous person.

The parties are in agreement that the defendant's admissions fall within that portion of § 20B which provides that 'in any court proceeding and in any proceeding preliminary thereto and in . . . administrative proceedings, a patient shall have the privilege of refusing to disclose, and of preventing a witness from disclosing any communication, wherever made, between said patient and a psychotherapist relative to the diagnosis or treamtent of the patient's mental or emotional condition.' They are at odds, however, on whether one or more of the exceptions to the privilege which are set out in § 20B ⁵ should apply on the facts of this case. The defendant argues that only exception (b) should be considered and that the privilege should be held inviolate because (as is the case) the record is barren of any evidence on which the trial judge could have found a waiver of the privilege by the defendant. See USEN V. USEN, MASS. (1971), 269 N.E.2D 442.^B The district attorney argues that exception (a) is applicable by its terms and that no express waiver by the defendant need be shown.

The legislative history of § 20B is of no assistance in our efforts to ascertain the intended scope of exception (a). ⁶ The concluding clause ('or placing the patient under arrest or under the supervision of law enforcement officers') appears to contemplate a patient who is or is about to be at large which is not the case under G.L. c. 123A, § 6, where the subject is already a prisoner under sentence and superivision at the time proceedings are commenced. See LaMorre v. Superintendent of Bridgewater State Hosp., 347 Mass. 534, 536--538, 199 N.E.2d 204 (1964). There is nothing to indicate that the Legislature intended that the undefined 'hospital' referred to in (a) should be equated with or include the specialized 'treatment center' required to be established by G.L. c. 123A, § 2 (as inserted by St.1958, c. 646, § 1, and as amended by St.1959, c. 615), and which has been the subject of careful and continuing judicial scrutiny. See Commonwealth v. Page, 339 Mass. 313, 315--318, 159 N.E.2d 82 (1959); Commonwealth v. Hogan, 341 Mass. 372, 373--377, 170 N.E.2d 327 (1960); Newton, petr., 357 Mass. 346, 347--353, 259 N.E.2d 190 (1970). See also COMMONWEALTH V. BLADSA, MASS. (1972), 288 N.E.2D 813^C.

If the treatment center were considered to be a 'hospital' for the purposes of (a), and if a psychiatrist, 'for the purpose of . . . retaining the patient in such hospital' for an indeterminate period under G.L....