Com. v. Thompson

• Decision Date: 25 July 1972
• Citation: 286 N.E.2d 333,362 Mass. 382
• Parties: COMMONWEALTH v. Emmitt THOMPSON, Jr.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 333

286 N.E.2d 333

362 Mass. 382

COMMONWEALTH v. Emmitt THOMPSON, Jr.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued March 6, 1972.

Decided July 25, 1972.

Paul J. Driscoll, Boston, for defendant.

Paul V. Buckley, Asst. Dist. Atty., for the Commonwealth.

Before TAURO, C.J., and SPIEGEL, REARDON and HENNESSEY, JJ.

REARDON, Justice.

In a trial held March 8--10, 1967, subject to G.L. c. 278, §§ 33A--33G, the defendant was convicted by a jury on three indictments charging assault and battery, and three indictments charging assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon, the crimes having been alleged committed on November 28, 1966.

On March 27, 1967, he filed a motion for a new trial which was denied on April 21, 1967. On March 8, 1971, he filed a second motion for a new trial on the grounds (1) that 'the prosecution's introduction of evidence at trial showing that three assault victims identified the defendant as their assailant, after viewing him through a two-way mirror at police station 4, denied . . . (him) due process of law,' ¹ and (2) '(t)hat the Commonwealth's failure to reveal to the defendant, or to his attorney, the existence and identity of an eyewitness to some of the assaults charged, who, after reviewing the defendant through a two-way mirror at police station 4, stated to the police that the man in custody was not one of the two assailants, denied . . . (him) due process of law.' The motion, which was heard on March 24, 1971, was denied on April 20, 1971. The defendant appeals the denial of this motion. ²

In the early morning of November 28, 1966, three white females and one white male were assaulted by two black males in the Park Square area of Boston. At a police station about one week after the incident, Miss Helen Fuller, one of the female victims, identified the defendant at a time when he was the only black man in a room. However, at the time of the assault Miss Fuller had had an opportunity to view the defendant in a well-lighted restaurant over a period of about five minutes. She had also, before the police station confrontation, identified the defendant as he emerged with others from a Boston nightclub.

After the hearing on the motion for a new trial the trial judge reported his findings. He reviewed the evidence regarding Miss Fuller and concluded that 'her incourt identification was not tainted by any prior improper out-of-court identification or confrontation.'

In so rulingThe judge impliedly found that the confrontation was not 'so unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to irreparable mistaken identification that . . . (the defendant) was denied due process of law.' Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 302, 87 S.Ct. 1967, 1972, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199. The defendant has been at great pains to emphasize evidence that would permit findings of fact contrary to those made by the judge. But the weight and credibility due the evidence, especially when it is oral testimony, are to be decided by the trial judge who hears the witnesses. It is not a function of this court on appellate review. COMMONWEALTH V. MCGRATH, MASS., 280 N.E.2D 681.^A The judge's decision, to the extent that it involves such findings of fact, is supported by our examination of the evidence in the transcript. The judge decided, in effect, that Miss Fuller's in-court identification of the defendant was 'clearly and convincingly shown to have a source independent' of the improper police station confrontation. Cooper v. Picard, 316 F.Supp. 856, 864 (D.Mass.). Allen v. Moore, 453 F.2d 970 (1st Cir.). There was no error in the admission of Miss Fuller's identification testimony.

The two other female victims of the assault, Miss Lewis and Miss Shea, witnesses for the Commonwealth, also testified as to their out-of-court identification of the defendant. The admission in evidence of this testimony was not error. Like Miss Fuller, Miss Lewis and Miss Shea viewed the defendant at a police station when he was the only black person in a room. But unlike Miss Fuller, these two women at trial were unable to identify the defendant as one of their assailants. General Laws c. 223, § 23, permits a party to contradict the testimony of his own witness by introducing in evidence proof of prior inconsistent statements made by the witness. Commonwealth v. Festo, 251 Mass. 275, 278, 146 N.E. 700. Commonwealth v. Gettigan, 252 Mass. 450, 459, 148 N.E. 113. Commonwealth v. Rudnick, 318 Mass. 45, 61, 60 N.E.2d 353. Such evidence is admissible for the limited purpose of contradicting the witness. It possesses no evidential value and standing alone would be insufficient to support a guilty verdict. Commonwealth v. Turner, 224 Mass. 229, 237, 112 N.E. 864. Gibbs v. State, 7 Md.App. 35, 253 A.2d 446. See Kavanaugh v. Colombo, 304 Mass. 379, 381, 24 N.E.2d 14. There was no error in its admission. Although Miss Shea's statements regarding her pre-trial identification of the defendant as her assailant were introduced in evidence before her contradictory in-court statement was made, the order of introduction of this evidence was a matter of discretion for the judge (see Grace v. Monroe, 280 Mass. 184, 187, 182 N.E. 311).

In addition, even if the admission in evidence of Miss Lewis' and Miss Shea's out-of-court identifications of the defendant was erroneous, it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705. Defence counsel extensively cross-examined these witnesses regarding their police station identifications. The trial judge noted in his findings that the defence counsel, as a matter of trial strategy, emphasized the failure of these victims to identify the defendant at trial when counsel argued that there was reasonable doubt that the defendant was present at the assaults and that the identification testimony by the other victims was suspect. Thus the defendant sought to use the inconsistencies of the two witnesses to his own advantage. COMMONWEALTH V. UNDERWOOD, MASS., 265 N.E.2D 577.^B The assumed error was harmless also because the witnesses were unable to make an incourt identification. Whatever harm was caused by the evidence of the out-of-court identification was vitiated by the failure to make an in-court identification. Finally, the error was harmless because two other witnesses made in-court identifications of the defendant. One was Miss Fuller, whose identification of the defendant, discussed above was faultless. The other was Charles Peterson, the male victim of the assaults. His positive identification of the defendant has not been directly challenged. Thus, in the light of the 'totality of the circumstances' (Gregory v. United States, 133 U.S.App.D.C. 317, 410 F.2d 1016, 1022), the error, if any, was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.

The second issue posed in this appeal by the defendant springs from his contention that he was denied due process of law because the Commonwealth failed to inform him that one Michael A. Bolis was present when Miss Fuller was assaulted on November 28, 1966. On April 21, 1967, the judge denied a motion for a new trial on the ground...