Consolidated Vending Co. v. Turner, 276

• Decision Date: 16 June 1966
• Docket Number: No. 276,276
• Citation: 148 S.E.2d 531,267 N.C. 576
• Parties: CONSOLIDATED VENDING CO., Inc. v. Curtis M. TURNER and O. Bruton Smith.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

Page 531

148 S.E.2d 531

267 N.C. 576

CONSOLIDATED VENDING CO., Inc. v. Curtis M. TURNER and O. Bruton Smith.

No. 276.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

June 16, 1966.

Craighill, Rendleman & Clarkson, by Francis O. Clarkson, Jr., and John R. Ingle, Charlotte, for defendant appellant.

Hugh M. McAulay, Charlotte, for plaintiff appellee.

LAKE, Justice.

It was not error to strike from the record on this appeal the charge of the presiding judge at the former trial. A mistrial having then been ordered, the rulings of the judge presiding at that trial as to the admissibility of evidence offered before him, are in no way determinative of the admissibility of like evidence upon a subsequent trial or of the defendant's right to amend or need to amend his answer. There is no reason to suppose that the defendant would have been any less surprised by the rulings of Latham, S.J., concerning such evidence had there never been any former trial of the action.

The motion to amend, originally oral, was reduced to writing after the trial and inserted into the record. The oral ruling denying the motion was not so reduced to formal writing. There being no indication to the contrary, we assume that the written motion, so filed and now appearing in the record, is in the same terms as the oral motion. It states that the defendant 'moves the court that it, In its discretion,' allow the defendant to amend his answer. (Emphasis added.) The record shows that, on objection by the plaintiff, this motion was denied, but the record does not show the reason, if any, given by the court for its ruling. The defendant now contends that, since the court did not state that the motion was denied in its discretion, we must deem it to have been denied on the ground that, as a matter of law, the defendant could not so amend his answer and, therefore, the ruling is reviewable by us.

This Court has repeatedly held that after the time allowed for answering a pleading has expired, as in this instance, such pleading may not be amended as a matter of right, but only in the discretion of the court. Hardy v. Mayo, 224 N.C. 558, 31 S.E.2d 748; Cody v. Hovey, 219 N.C. 369, 14 S.E.2d 30; Osborne v. Town of Canton, 219 N.C. 139, 13 S.E.2d 265; Biggs v. Moffitt, 218 N.C. 601, 11 S.E.2d 870. Since the motion to amend was, by its very terms, directed to the discretion of the court and, as a matter of law, was necessarily so directed, we find no merit in the defendant's contention. See Osborne v. Town of Canton, supra. Since the motion to amend was denied in the discretion of the trial judge, his ruling is not reviewable in the absence of a clear showing of abuse of discretion, which does not appear on this record. See in addition to the authorities above cited: Perfecting Service Co. v. Product Development & Sales Co., 264 N.C. 79, 140 S.E.2d 763; Crump v. Eckerd's, Inc., 241 N.C. 489, 85 S.E.2d 607.

There was no error in sustaining the objections to the proposed cross examination of the plaintiff's witness relative to the plaintiff's foregoing of an opportunity to receive 'promotion money' in connection with the Charlotte Speedway, or in withdrawing from the consideration of the jury testimony of the defendant with reference thereto. The unamended answer asserts that credits should have been allowed upon the note because of 'promotion money' received by the plaintiff in connection with its operations at the Danville and Concord Speedways, no claim being made in the answer to any credit as a result of the operations at the Charlotte Speedway. The proposed evidence, relating to operations at Charlotte, is a substantial variance from the defense so pleaded. It is elementary that proof without allegation is as unavailing as allegation without proof. Eason v. Grimsley, 255 N.C. 494, 121 S.E.2d 885; Lucas v. White, 248 N.C. 38, 102 S.E.2d 387; Wilkes Poultry Co. v. Clark Trailer & Equipment Co., 247 N.C. 570, 101 S.E.2d 458; Bank of Wadesboro v. Caudle, 239 N.C. 270, 79 S.E.2d 723; Wilkins v. Commercial Finance Co., 237 N.C. 396, 75 S.E.2d 118, rehear. den., 238 N.C. 745, 76 S.E.2d 164; McIntosh, North Carolina Practice and Procedure, 2d ed., § 981. This principle applies to evidence offered to establish an affirmative defense not pleaded in the answer as truly as it does to evidence offered to show a cause of action not alleged in the complaint. Payment, or the right to a credit, upon a note is an affirmative defense. White v. McCarter, 261 N.C. 362, 134 S.E.2d 612.

Furthermore, the testimony in question did not purport to show the receipt by the plaintiff of any 'promotion money' in connection with its operation at the Charlotte Speedway. It purported to show that the Coca-Cola Company made certain payments direct to the Speedway Company in return for advertising rights granted by it to the Coca-Cola Company, and that the plaintiff, for this reason, gave up its opportunity to receive 'promotion money' from the Coca-Cola Company. Even had the proposed amendment to the answer been allowed, it...