Copass v. Monroe County Medical Foundation, Inc., 94-CA-1577-MR

• Decision Date: 30 June 1995
• Docket Number: No. 94-CA-1577-MR,94-CA-1577-MR
• Parties: Duane COPASS and Ruth Copass, Appellants, v. MONROE COUNTY MEDICAL FOUNDATION, INC. and Kenneth R. Crabtree, M.D., Appellees.
• Court: Kentucky Court of Appeals

Page 617

900 S.W.2d 617

Duane COPASS and Ruth Copass, Appellants, v. MONROE COUNTY MEDICAL FOUNDATION, INC. and Kenneth R Crabtree, M.D., Appellees.

No. 94-CA-1577-MR.

Court of Appeals of Kentucky.

June 30, 1995.

Charles E. Theiler, II, Louisville, for appellants.

John R. Grise, Bowling Green, for appellee, Monroe Co. Medical Foundation.

W. Kennedy Simpson, Louisville, for appellee, Kenneth R. Crabtree.

Before GARDNER, GUDGEL and HOWERTON, JJ.

OPINION

HOWERTON, Judge.

This is an appeal of an order entered by the Jefferson Circuit Court on May 31, 1994, granting the motion of Monroe County Medical Foundation, Inc. and Kenneth R. Crabtree, M.D., to dismiss for improper venue. After reviewing the applicable law, we affirm.

This appeal arose out of a medical negligence suit in which Duane Copass alleged injury from spinal surgery and follow-up care. Ruth Copass asserted a claim for loss of consortium. The surgery was performed by Dr. Steven D. Glassman of the Spine Institute for Special Surgery, P.S.C., and Duane was confined at Alliant Hospitals, Inc., formerly NKC (Norton) Hospitals. Duane's follow-up care was undertaken by Dr. Crabtree and the Monroe County Medical Center (operated by Monroe County Medical Foundation, Inc.). Dr. Glassman is a resident of Jefferson County, and the Spine Institute and Norton's Hospital are Kentucky corporations with offices in Jefferson County. Dr. Crabtree is a Monroe County resident, and the Monroe County Medical Foundation is a Kentucky corporation with offices in Monroe County.

The Copasses filed their complaint in Jefferson County, naming each of the above physicians and hospital corporations as defendants. Both Dr. Crabtree and the Monroe County Medical Foundation filed motions to dismiss for improper venue. Dismissal for each was granted by an order entered February 15, 1994, which provided, "This is a final order as to these Defendants." The Copasses filed a motion to alter, amend or vacate the order, which was denied on March 14, 1995.

The Copasses filed a notice of appeal with this Court on April 14, 1994. This Court ordered the Copasses to show cause why the appeal should not be dismissed as having been taken from an interlocutory judgment, in that the trial court's previous order did not contain the recitation of finality required in CR 54.02. Thereafter, the trial court entered an order nunc pro tunc adding the finality language of CR 54.02. However, this Court dismissed the appeal, reasoning that "a nunc pro tunc order cannot retroactively vest finality upon a judgment which was interlocutory when the notice of appeal herein was filed." The Copasses filed a new notice of appeal from the trial court's corrected order.

The Copasses characterize the issue thusly: "Can the venue statutes, specifically KRS 452.450 and 452.460 be squared with the apportionment statute, KRS 411.182 such that concurrent acts of medical malpractice can be tried in a single action?" However, we believe the issue really boils down to whether a plaintiff may bring a personal injury action in a county where only one or some, but not all, of the defendants reside or have offices when the injury is alleged to have taken place in more than one county.

What the Copasses are attempting to avoid is a multiplicity of suits, which is laudable. KRS 452.450 provides that a tort action against a corporation having an office or place of business in this state, or a chief officer or agent residing in this state, must be brought in the county where the office or business is situated, or where the officer or agent resides. Personal injury actions against an individual defendant must be brought in the county where the defendant resides or where the injury occurred. KRS 452.460. At the outset, we note that venue is purely a legislative matter, and the judiciary may not rewrite the statutes. Blankenship v. Watson, Ky.App., 672 S.W.2d 941, 944 (1984), rev'd on other grounds, Dept. of Educ. v. Blevins, Ky., 707 S.W.2d 782, 785 (1986).

The Copasses ask this Court to harmonize the venue statutes with KRS 411.182, which codified the doctrine of comparative negligence adopted in Hilen v. Hays, Ky., 673 S.W.2d 713 (1984). Since liability is now to be apportioned according to the degree of fault involved, the Copasses reason that fundamental fairness requires that all potential tort-feasors be tried in a single trial with a single jury.

We agree with the Copasses that the comparative negligence statute and Hilen both preclude the adjudication of liability of persons or legal entities who are neither before the court nor are settling tort-feasors. However, neither Hilen nor KRS 411.182 authorizes a court to exercise jurisdiction over persons who could not otherwise be summoned in that jurisdiction. Moreover, KRS 411.182 merely addresses the procedure for apportioning liability among parties before the court or who have settled or been released. It does not direct or authorize the adjudication of fault of absent, potential litigators.

This Court reversed the trial court in Baker v. Webb, Ky.App., 883 S.W.2d 898 (1994), when it instructed the jury on the duties of a nonsettling nonparty,...