Crosland-Cullen Co. v. Crosland

• Decision Date: 19 November 1958
• Docket Number: No. 248,CROSLAND-CULLEN,248
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: COMPANY, a corporation, v. Matilda H. CROSLAND.

Page 655

105 S.E.2d 655

249 N.C. 167

CROSLAND-CULLEN COMPANY, a corporation, v. Matilda H. CROSLAND.

No. 248

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Nov. 19, 1958

Carswell & Justice, Charlotte, for defendant-appellant.

William H. Abernethy, Charlotte, for plaintiff-appellee.

RODMAN, Justice.

Plaintiff's cause of action is based on the assertion that defendant, by virtue of a void assignment, has received from insurer monies which should have been paid to plaintiff, the beneficiary in the policy of insurance.

Defendant admits receipt of the money pursuant to the provisions of the assignment. She affirmatively asserts that plaintiff's right to question the validity of this assignment has been foreclosed by a decree of a court of competent jurisdiction in an action brought by plaintiff against the insurer. As a part of her plea of res judicata she attaches a complete transcript of the record in the Federal court.

That court said with respect to plaintiff's right to attack the assignment: 'These authorities require the conclusion that in the instant case plaintiff corporation and its present stockholders, who received their stock from or through David B. Crosland, are estopped to question the validity of the assignment.' Plaintiff does not question the binding force of the judgment in that action as a bar to her right to again question the validity of assignment where the insurer is a party. Its position is that defendant was not a party to that action, hence there is no mutuality and for that reason the judgment is not good as a plea of res judicata, is res inter alios acta, and could not be offered in evidence and was, therefore, properly stricken.

Devin, C. J., said: 'Generally, in order that the judgment in a former action may be held to constitute an estoppel as res judicata in a subsequent action there must be identity of parties, of subject matter and of issues. It is also a well established principle that estoppels must be mutual, and as a rule only parties and privies are bound by the judgment. These rules are subject to exception.' Carolina Power & Light Co v. Merrimack Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 238 N.C. 679, 79 S.E.2d 167, 175.

Is this case an exception to the general rule of identity of parties and mutuality usually applied to determine the right to plead res judicata? Logic and decided cases call for an affirmative answer.

Public policy demands that every person be given an opportunity to have a judicial investigation of the asserted invasion of complainant's rights. 'It is elementary and fundamental that every person is entitled to his day in court to assert his own rights or to defend against their infringement.' Queen City Coach Co. v. Burrell, 241 N.C. 432, 85 S.E.2d 688, 692. But public policy is equally as adamant in its demand for an end to litigation when complainant has exercised his right and a court of competent jurisdiction has ascertained that the asserted invasion has not occurred. Ludwick v. Penny, 158 N.C. 104, 73 S.E. 228.

To make the plea effective it is necessary not only that the party have an opportunity for a hearing but that the identical question must have been considered and determined adversely to the complaining party.

Where both of these factors exist, sound public policy dictates that the court should refuse permission for further litigation on that question.

Frequent application of this public policy is found in those cases where complainant, having failed to establish a wrong done by one primarily liable, thereafter seeks to hold another liable on the basis of respondeat superior or as an indemnitor. The different results reached in Leary v. Virginia-Carolina Joint Stock Land Bank, 215 N.C. 501, 2 S.E.2d 570, Pinnix v. Griffin, 221 N.C. 348, 20 S.E.2d 366, 141 A.L.R. 1164, and Coach Co. v. Burrell, supra; Garrett v. Kendrick, 201 N.C. 388, 160 S.E. 349, and Morgan v. Brooks, 241 N.C. 527, 85 S.E.2d 869, clearly illustrate the correct scope of the doctrine of res judicata.

Current v. Webb, 220 N.C. 425, 17 S.E.2d 614, 616, well illustrates the rule with respect to identity of issue. That action was one for wrongful death. The deceased and one Bangle were occupants of an automobile involved in a collision with an automobile operated by Webb. Bangle brought suit in Mecklenburg County for personal injuries. Mrs. Current's administrator brought suit in Gaston County for wrongful death. Identical motions were made to dismiss in each case for the reason that the defendant Webb was not a resident of the State and was not amenable to service of process. The motion in the Bangle case was heard first. The trial court there found that Webb was not a resident and hence not amenable to service of process. Thereafter on identical evidence the motion to dismiss in the Webb case was heard in Gaston. The trial court there found that Webb was a resident, and hence subject to process. Both cases were appealed to this Court and heard at the Fall Term 1941. The Court, in its opinion, quoted Freeman on Judgments: 'It is not necessary that precisely the same parties were plaintiffs and defendants in the two suits; provided the same subject in controversy, between two or more of the parties, plaintiffs and defendants in the two suits respectively, has been in the former suit directly in issue, and decided.' The Court then proceeded to say: 'The judgment in the Bangle case, supra, [220 N.C. 423, 17 S.E.2d 613] was rendered upon the same preliminary motion as in this case. This motion squarely presented for adjudication the status of defendant Webb, whether a resident of Georgia or North Carolina, whether exempt from the service of process under the statute, or not. Thus the judgment was in the nature of a judgment in rem, by a court having jurisdiction not only of the parties and of the cause of action, but also of the res--the power and duty to determine the particular fact presented for adjudication. This fact the court conclusively established in that case. Its judgment as to that fact was binding upon the parties to that suit and upon all those having an interest in the subject matter of the motion, under the maxim res judicata pro veritate accipitur.' See also Dillingham v. Gardner, 222 N.C. 79, 21 S.E.2d 898.

Commercial Nat. Bank v. Allaway, 207 Iowa 419, 223 N.W. 167, involved the validity of an assignment of a note. Defendant in that action executed a note to Iowa Savings Bank. That bank transferred and assigned it to Commercial National Bank as security for a loan made by the latter bank to payee bank. Defendant paid his note to Iowa Savings, the payee bank, before maturity and when Commercial held possession. Payee promised to subsequently deliver the note to defendant. It failed to do so. A receiver was appointed for Iowa Savings and he brought suit against Commercial, challenging the transfer and assignment of defendant's note for want of consideration and lack of authority of the officer making the transfer. That litigation was decided adversely to the receiver of Iowa Savings. The validity of the transfer was affirmed. Thereafter Commercial brought suit against defendant Allaway. He asserted the invalidity of the assignment by Iowa Savings for the same reasons asserted by the receiver of that bank in its litigation against Commercial; and hence satisfaction of the note by his payment made to Iowa Savings. The Supreme Court of Iowa held that the validity of the assignment had been previously...