Custom-Crete, Inc. v. K-Bar Services, Inc.

• Decision Date: 12 June 2002
• Docket Number: No. 04-01-00721-CV.,04-01-00721-CV.
• Parties: CUSTOM-CRETE, INC., Appellant, v. K-BAR SERVICES, INC., Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

82 S.W.3d 655

CUSTOM-CRETE, INC., Appellant, v. K-BAR SERVICES, INC., Appellee.

No. 04-01-00721-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, San Antonio.

June 12, 2002.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Elizabeth C. Bloch, Rachel L. Noffke, Hilgers & Watkins, P.C., Austin, for Appellant.

Charles A. Stephens, II, Law Offices of Charles A. Stephens, II, Canyon Lake, for Appellee.

Sitting: CATHERINE STONE, Justice, PAUL W. GREEN, Justice, SANDEE BRYAN MARION, Justice.

OPINION

SANDEE BRYAN MARION, Justice.

In this appeal from a default judgment, a non-attorney corporate representative of appellant, Custom-Crete, Inc., filed a defective answer and attempted to represent Custom-Crete at a trial on the merits. On appeal, Custom-Crete asserts that its answer was sufficient to prevent a no-answer default judgment and the trial court erred in denying its motion for new trial because it did not receive forty-five days' notice of the trial setting. We agree; therefore, we reverse the trial court's judgment and remand the cause.

BACKGROUND

Appellee, K-Bar Services, Inc., sued Custom-Crete on an alleged oral contract. The petition was served on Custom-Crete's president, Eric Reinhart. Within the time for filing an answer, William Heath, a Custom-Crete vice president, filed the following letter with the clerk of the court:

To whom it may concern,

I, William Heath, acting as agent for Eric Reinhart, hereby enter a plea of NOT GUILTY! This plea is in [sic] presented to the court in the above styled case. Please inform me of additional requirements as they relate to this case.

The letter was on Custom-Crete letterhead and contained the trial cause number.

On or about April 19, 2001, K-Bar mailed a notice of hearing to Custom-Crete. The notice stated that the purpose of the hearing was a trial on the merits, and indicated a trial date of May 14, 2001. The notice of hearing is file-stamped April 23, 2001.

At the May 14th hearing, K-Bar was represented by counsel, but Heath appeared on behalf of Custom-Crete. When K-Bar informed the trial court that Heath could not ask questions during the hearing or present evidence because he was not an attorney, Heath responded that he "just wanted to bring out that there is no longer a Custom-Crete in Texas, business [sic]. So if they're going to sue us they need to — we can get a default judgment against Custom-Crete, but there's nobody there to pay it. There's no such thing as Custom-Crete, a Texas company." The trial court then heard evidence only from K-Bar. At the close of K-Bar's case, the court again asked Heath why he was at the hearing and Heath stated "Just, I guess, [to] get a feel for whatever's going on." The court denied Heath's request to question K-Bar's corporate representative, and asked K-Bar's attorney to prepare a judgment, which the court thought "probably is a default actually."

On August 28, 2001, before entry of the judgment, Custo-Crete filed a motion for new trial, which was signed by an attorney. On September 10, 2001, Custom-Crete filed an amended answer, signed by an attorney. The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion for new trial on September 17, 2001, and on the same day, signed a default judgment. On September 28, 2001, the trial court denied Custom-Crete's motion for new trial.

DISCUSSION

Heath's letter was addressed to and filed with the clerk of the court, included the trial cause number and Custom Crete's name and address, and denied liability. Although the judgment recites that Custo-Crete failed to file a timely answer, we agree with Custo-Crete that Heath's letter, although defective, was sufficient to avoid a no-answer default judgment against Custom-Crete. See Smith v. Lippmann, 826 S.W.2d 137, 138 n. 1 (Tex. 1992); R.T.A. Int'l, Inc. v. Cano, 915 S.W.2d 149, 150-51 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1996, writ denied); Santex Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Venture Steel, Inc., 737 S.W.2d 55, 56-57 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1987, no writ).

K-Bar argues that the judgment, although entitled a "Default Judgment," was actually a judgment entered after an appearance by Custom-Crete at a trial on the merits. Even if the judgment here is not technically a default judgment, the trial court's discretion in ruling on Custom-Crete's motion for new trial is subject to the same standard as that which governs motions for new trial in default cases. See O'Hara v. Hexter, 550 S.W.2d 379, 380-81 (Tex.Civ App.-Dallas 1977, writ ref d n.r.e.).

A default judgment should be set aside in any case in which the defendant demonstrates (1) that its failure to answer or appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference; (2) that it has a meritorious defense; and (3) that the granting of a new trial will not operate to cause delay or other injury to the plaintiff. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (1939) (noanswer default); see also Director, State Employees Workers' Comp. Div. v. Evans, 889 S.W.2d 266, 268 (Tex.1994) (post-answer default). The historical trend in default judgment cases is toward the liberal granting of new trials. Miller v. Miller, 903 S.W.2d 45, 47 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1995, no writ). As such, where the elements of the Craddock test are satisfied, it is an abuse of discretion for the trial court to deny the defendant a new trial. Evans, 889 S.W.2d at 268.

Custom-Crete asserts it did not receive the notice required under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 245, which permits the trial court to set contested cases on written request of any party, or on the court's own motion, with reasonable notice of not less than forty-five days to the parties of a first setting. TEX.R. CIV. P. 245. K-Bar contends that Custo-Crete waived any objection to the lack of forty-five days' notice because Heath appeared at the May 14th hearing and said he was ready to proceed. Error resulting from a trial court's failure to provide parties proper notice under Rule 245 is waived if a party proceeds to trial and fails to object to the lack of notice. In re J.(B.B.) M., 955 S.W.2d 405, 408 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1997, no pet.); State Farm Fire and Cas Co. v. Price, 845 S.W.2d 427, 432 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1992, writ dism'd by agr.). A party may waive a complaint by failing to take action when the party receives some, but less than forty-five days', notice. See Balogh v. Ramos, 978 S.W.2d 696, 699 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied).

At trial, Heath said he was ready to proceed before the trial court realized he was not an attorney representing Custom-Crete and before the court, correctly, refused to allow him to participate in the trial. Kunstoplast of America, Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex.1996) (generally, a corporation may be represented only by a licensed attorney); TEX.R. CIV. P. 7. Because Heath was not a licensed attorney and therefore could not represent Custom-Crete, his mere presence at trial does not equate to an "appearance" at trial on behalf of Custom-Crete. Furthermore, because he was not an attorney, Heath did not have the right to make representations on behalf of Custom-Crete, including an objection to lack of notice. Therefore, Custom-Crete did not waive its right to proper notice of the trial setting.

Custom-Crete filed an answer; therefore, it was entitled to notice of the trial setting as a matter of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal constitution. LBL Oil Co. v. International Power Serv., Inc., 777 S.W.2d 390, 390-91 (Tex.1989). The forty-five day notice provision of Rule 245 is mandatory. See Smith, 826 S.W.2d at 138; Hardin v. Hardin, 932 S.W.2d 566, 567 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1995, no writ); Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. v. Abbott, 863 S.W.2d 139, 140 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1993, writ denied). A trial court's failure to comply with Rule 245 in a contested case deprives a party of its constitutional right to be present at the hearing, to voice its objections in an appropriate manner, and results in a violation of fundamental due process. Blanco v. Bolanos, 20 S.W.3d 809, 811 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2000, no pet.). Failure to give the required notice constitutes lack of due process and is grounds for reversal. Id.; Estrada v. Wausau Ins., Co., 985 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1998, pet. denied); see also Bell Helicopter, 863 S.W.2d at 140 (failure to comply with Rule 245 renders any first setting notice ineffectual).

However, we presume that the trial court will hear a case only when notice has been given to the parties. Welborn-Hosier v. Hosier, 870 S.W.2d 323, 328 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ). Thus, the party challenging a trial court judgment for lack of notice has the...