Denison v. Wiese, 49964

• Decision Date: 03 May 1960
• Docket Number: No. 49964,49964
• Citation: 251 Iowa 770,102 N.W.2d 671
• Parties: Leta Vay DENISON, Appellee, v. Raymond A. WIESE, d/b/a Ken's Korner Tavern, Appellant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 671

102 N.W.2d 671

251 Iowa 770

Leta Vay DENISON, Appellee, v. Raymond A. WIESE, d/b/a Ken's Korner Tavern, Appellant.

No. 49964.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

May 3, 1960.

McDonald & McCracken, Davenport, for appellant.

Betty, Neuman, Heninger, Van Der Kamp & McMahon, Davenport, for appellee.

LARSON, Chief Justice.

When one falls off a bar stool in a tavern there is usually a strong suspicion, if not an implication, that he has had too much to drink, but there may be other causes, including the one urged in this action to recover for physical injuries suffered by plaintiff when she fell from such a stool in defendant's tavern at 332 Brady Street in Davenport, Iowa, at about 11:40 p. m., July 11, 1958. It was her contention that the defendant failed to exercise reasonable care to provide, maintain, and keep the premises and its fixtures safe for their contemplated use. Contending there was no competent or relevant evidence from which a jury could have found that plaintiff's injuries were proximately caused by any negligence of the defendant, or that he breached or violated any duty owing to the plaintiff, the defendant appeals from a verdict and judgment in favor of the plaintiff invitee in the sum of $9,000. Assigned as error was the trial court's denial of defendant's motion for a directed verdict at the close of plaintiff's case and at the close of all evidence, and its denial of defendant's motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict and for a new trial. We agree with the trial court's conclusion.

I. The question of whether it was correct to submit the matter to the jury in such a case, of course, depends upon whether the relevant and material facts and circumstances disclosed were such that reasonable and prudent minds might differ upon the question of negligence. Holmes v. Gross, Iowa, 93 N.W.2d 714, 719; 65 C.J.S. Negligence § 251. If the evidence is conflicting or is such that reasonable men may fairly differ as to the conclusions or inferences to be drawn therefrom, it should be submitted to the jury.

Plaintiff's petition alleged defendant was negligent '(1) In failing to provide the plaintiff with a safe place to sit while drinking beverages available for sale in the tavern. (2) In furnishing his patrons, and more particularly the plaintiff, with an unsafe, wobbly and defective bar stool seat upon which to sit. (3) In failing to make a reasonable inspection of the bar stool seats in his premises so as to discover the wobbly and unsafe condition of the bar stool seat in question. (4) In failing to warn the plaintiff that the bar stool seat in question was wobbly, unsafe, defective and dangerous for her to sit on. (5) In failing to repair the bar stool seat in question so as to render it safe to tavern patrons, including the plaintiff.' These specifications were submitted to the jury.

No issue is raised as to the ownership of the tavern and its fixtures, as to the status of plaintiff's being an invitee, or as to her freedom from contributory negligence. The questions involved are only those relating to defendant's negligence.

II. In such an appeal the record must be viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff. Chenoweth v. Flynn, Iowa, 99 N.W.2d 310; Wood v. Tri-States Theater Corp., 237 Iowa 799, 23 N.W.2d 843.

III. The rule which imposes upon an owner or occupant of property the duty to maintain his premises in a reasonably safe condition, and to warn invitees of latent or concealed defects, is so well established as to need no citation of authority. It is said in 38 Am.Jur., Negligence, § 102, page 763: 'The facts of the particular case are, of course, controlling upon the question of negligence in respect of a dangerous condition upon the premises, and ordinarily the question whether an owner or occupant has been negligent in this respect toward a person whom he has invited upon the premises is to be decided by the jury.' Also see Chenoweth v. Flynn, supra; Holmes v. Gross, supra, Iowa, 93 N.W.2d 714, and citations; Lindquist v. Des Moines Union Ry. Co., 239 Iowa 356, 30 N.W.2d 120; Atherton v. Hoenig's Grocery, 249 Iowa 50, 86 N.W.2d 252.

Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to plaintiff, then, we think the plaintiff has established a prima facie case sufficient to generate a jury question upon the issue of primary negligence of the defendant. The record discloses that the plaintiff, accompanied by her husband and their friends, Mr. and Mrs. Sadler, entered defendant's tavern at about 11:10 p. m. She was familiar with the tavern and knew the manager, Mr. Dice. She seated herself on a bar stool facing the bar and ordered a Rhine wine and seltzer. It was never consumed. In the tavern there were seventeen stools along the bar, all of the same style and design. Plaintiff sat on one next to her friend, Mrs. Sadler. Mr. Dice occupied a stool on her left. Plaintiff was not intoxicated, having had only one Rhine wine and seltzer prior to her visit to this tavern. After conversing with Mr. Dice and Mrs. Sadler for some 15 or 20 minutes, the women decided to go to the rest room. Mrs. Sadler led and, as plaintiff made a quarter turn on the stool's swivel seat preparing to dismount, she felt the seat wobble under her and it tipped and threw her to the floor. She estimated the seat tipped two inches or more on its base. She did not have her feet on the stool rungs, and her effort to catch herself on the next stool failed. The stool did not tip over, but in her fall from it she suffered serious injuries requiring medical and surgical treatment. All of the stools, while old-looking, appeared to be all right, and she did not detect any wobble in the seat of her stool until she turned to get off it.

The stools were of the four-legged variety, with steel tubular legs coming together just under the cushion top or seat. The cushioned seats are attached to the legs by a bolt, the head of which fits into the seat. There is a hole in the top of the base where the legs meet, and this bolt extends through that hole. A nut is placed on the bolt, which when tightened holds the seat to the legs in a firm manner. When it becomes loose, the seat will tip or wobble, the extent depending on the looseness of this connection.

The bartender, Mr. Baker, saw plaintiff fall and went to her assistance. He examined the stool from which she fell and testified that he found a wiggle in the top of the stool. In response to the question as to how much it wiggled, he said: 'Oh, I'd say anywhere from a quarter to a half an inch wiggle.' Such testimony generates a question of fact as to how much the seat wiggled or tipped, 1/4 inch or 2 inches or more. Obviously that determination was peculiarly for the jury, and upon a finding that the seat tipped two inches or more, it might also determine that such a wobble made the seat so unsafe, dangerous and defective, that its permitted use violated defendant's duty to an invitee who was injured thereon. In fact, such evidence required the submission...