Drage v. Mantifel, 53753

• Decision Date: 16 May 1988
• Docket Number: No. 53753,53753
• Parties: DRAGE et al., Appellants, v. MANTIFEL; Allstate Insurance Company, Appellee.
• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals

Page 63

49 Ohio App.3d 63

550 N.E.2d 183

DRAGE et al., Appellants, v. MANTIFEL; Allstate Insurance Company, Appellee.

No. 53753.

Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth District, Cuyahoga County.

May 16, 1988.

Syllabus by the Court

When a hit-and-run driver collides with an intermediate auto which, as a result, strikes the insured's vehicle, the insured has sustained "physical contact" within the meaning of an uninsured motorist insurance policy.

Wincek & Martello Co., L.P.A., and Joseph C. DeRosa, Cleveland, for appellants.

Fillo, Ristau & Drain and Nicholas J. Fillo, Cleveland, for appellee Allstate Ins. Co.

McMANAMON, Judge.

Appellants, William and Marcelene Drage, were injured when an auto in which they were driving was struck head-on by a vehicle which veered left of center on West 150 Street in Cleveland. The Drages brought a negligence action against the other driver, John Mantifel, who responded that he had been forced over the center line by a third vehicle which struck his auto and fled the scene. In an amended complaint, the Drages brought a claim against their insurance company, appellee Allstate Insurance Company ("the insurer"), seeking, inter alia, a declaration of their right to coverage under two policies of uninsured motorist insurance.

After the jury returned a verdict for Mantifel, both the insurer and the Drages moved for summary judgment. The trial court granted the insurer's motion on the ground that coverage was precluded by policy provisions requiring physical contact between a hit-and-run vehicle and the insured's auto.

In a timely appeal, the Drages raise two assignments of error which posit, respectively, that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for the insurer and in refusing to grant their motion for summary judgment. Because we find the first assignment well-taken, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.

Both of the insurer's policies provided coverage against hit-and-run drivers. The Drages' personal policy defined a "hit-and-run vehicle" as follows:

" * * * [A]n uninsured auto is 'a hit-and-run' motor vehicle which causes bodily injury to a person injured by physical contact with the insured or with a vehicle occupied by that person. The identity of either the operator or the owner of the vehicle must be unknown."

At the time of the accident, the Drages were driving an auto owned by Marcelene Drage's employer. The vehicle was insured under a policy which defined an "uninsured auto" to include:

" * * * a hit-and-run vehicle and neither the driver nor owner can be identified. The vehicle must hit an insured, a covered auto or a vehicle an insured is occupying."

According to the deposition testimony of John Mantifel, the alleged hit-and-run vehicle collided with his car and caused him to cross the center line of the roadway. It is undisputed, however, that the offending vehicle did not directly strike the auto carrying the Drages. The Drages argue, alternatively, that their indirect contact with the unidentified vehicle satisfied the physical-contact requirement, and that the insurer's restriction is in derogation of R.C. 3937.18, Ohio's uninsured motorist statute. The insurer contends these arguments are foreclosed by a line of Supreme Court cases beginning with Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Reddick (1974), 37 Ohio St.2d 119, 66 O.O.2d 259, 308 N.E.2d 454.

In Travelers, the claimants' vehicle was struck by an auto which had swerved to avoid contact with an unidentified motorist who thereafter fled from the scene. The unidentified auto did not collide with either vehicle. As in the case at bar, the uninsured motorist policy required "physical contact" between the vehicles driven by the insured and the unidentified driver.

The Ohio Supreme Court rejected the claimants' arguments that the denial of coverage conflicted with public policy and the terms of the insurance contract. Construing the physical-contact requirement, the court commented, at 122, 66 O.O.2d at 261, 308 N.E.2d at 456:

"We find nothing uncertain or ambiguous about the words used in this policy to define 'hit-and-run vehicle,' or to establish the requirement of 'physical contact.' Giving the wording of the policy its natural and reasonable construction, the only conclusion to be reached is that the policy does not provide coverage for injuries sustained by reason of the tortious operational conduct by drivers of unidentified vehicles, in the absence of at least a minimal contact between such a vehicle and the insured or the vehicle he is occupying. The rubric 'hit-and-run vehicle,' encompassing a 'hit,' as well as a 'run,' further buttresses the express prerequisite of a 'physical contact.' Were we to accept the construction urged by appellants, we would be disregarding the words 'physical contact' and 'hit-and-run vehicle,' and allowing recovery under the 'hit-and-run' portion of the uninsured motorist provision whenever unidentified vehicles 'proximately cause' an automobile accident to occur."

The court found no inconsistency with the policy of R.C. 3937.18. Because the statute does not require insurers to offer coverage against hit-and-run drivers, the court reasoned, the insurer's restriction was permissible and served to prevent fraudulent claims. Id. at 124, 66 O.O.2d at 262, 308 N.E.2d at 457.

In Progressive Cas. Ins. Co. v. Mastin (1982), 4 Ohio App.3d 86, 4 OBR 167, 446 N.E.2d 817, the Court of Appeals for Hamilton County distinguished Travelers under a set of facts analogous to the case at bar. In Mastin, an unidentified vehicle collided with a taxi cab, which in turn struck the insureds' auto. The appellate court affirmed a summary judgment for the insureds, finding they had established physical contact within the meaning of the policy.

The Mastin court reasoned that Travelers was distinguishable since the unidentified vehicle in that case did not strike either of the other autos. Thus, Travelers did not address the scenario where physical contact, albeit indirect, had actually occurred. Mastin, supra, at 88, 4 OBR at 169-170, 446 N.E.2d at 819-820.

The court opined that the term, "physical contact," was susceptible to more than one meaning, and that the insurer's construction would lead to absurd results if enforced. As an example, the court hypothesized that a hit-and-run vehicle could strike a signpost, propelling it into an insured's auto. Under the insurer's interpretation of the provision, the injured motorist would be denied coverage. The Mastin court concluded that the interpretation urged by the insureds more accurately comported with the common meaning of "hit-and-run" while still preserving the corroborative value of the contact requirement.

The insurer contends Mastin is inconsistent with the Supreme Court's subsequent pronouncements in Yurista v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 326, 18 OBR 370, 481 N.E.2d 584, and State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Rowe (1986), 28 Ohio St.3d 143, 28 OBR 238, 502 N.E.2d 1008. We disagree.

In Yurista, the court considered appeals of two cases construing a physical-contact restriction. In the first case, appellee Yurista was injured when his motorcycle struck a railroad tie which had earlier been dragged into the road by a turning automobile. The second case, Basford v. State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co. (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 326, 18 OBR 370, 481 N.E.2d 584 (case No. 84-1890), involved a motorist who was struck in the head by a pop bottle tossed from the window of an unidentified auto.

Both appellate courts recognized there was no physical contact between the vehicles. The Basford court affirmed a judgment for the insurer on this ground, but the Yurista court declined to enforce the provision and instead adopted a corroborative-evidence standard.

The Supreme Court, finding that Travelers was dispositive of both cases, held that where a policy provision requires physical contact between the hit-and-run and the insured's vehicles, "such physical contact must occur for the 'hit-and-run' inclusion to apply." Yurista, syllabus.

The court reaffirmed Travelers in Rowe, supra, where, as in Travelers, the insureds were struck by an auto which had swerved and missed the unidentified vehicle. The court reiterated that the physical-contact provision was not at odds with R.C. 3937.18. Id. at syllabus.

The Drages' argument that the contact requirement contravenes R.C. 3937.18 is clearly foreclosed by Travelers and its progeny. If public policy does not demand that an insurer provide any hit-and-run protection at all, we see no reason why an insurer may not attach restrictions to coverage it chooses to offer.

A more difficult issue is posed by the Drages' contention that their accident satisfied the physical-contact provision of the policies. It is well-settled that if language in an insurance policy has a common and ordinary meaning, courts will not resort to construction unless that meaning would lead to an absurd result. Olmstead v. Lumbermens Mut. Ins. Co. (1970), 22 Ohio St.2d 212, 216, 51 O.O.2d 285, 288, 259 N.E.2d 123, 126. However, while a court may not re-write the...