Edwards v. Edwards

• Decision Date: 16 October 1979
• Docket Number: No. 7821DC1144,7821DC1144
• Citation: 43 N.C.App. 296,259 S.E.2d 11
• Parties: Wade Lapsley EDWARDS v. Jo Meredith Shelton EDWARDS.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 11

259 S.E.2d 11

43 N.C.App. 296

Wade Lapsley EDWARDS v. Jo Meredith Shelton EDWARDS.

No. 7821DC1144.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Oct. 16, 1979.

Morrow, Fraser & Reavis by John F. Morrow, Winston-Salem, for plaintiff-appellee.

Page & Greeson by Michael R. Greeson, Jr., Winston-Salem, for defendant-appellant.

WELLS, Judge.

Defendant assigns as error the trial court's refusal to grant her oral motion to amend her pleadings. Under G.S. 1A-1, Rule 15(a), after the time permitted for unrestricted unilateral amendment of pleadings has expired, a party "may amend his pleading only by leave of court or by written consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires." While the burden is on the party objecting to the amendment to show that he would be prejudiced thereby, Vernon v. Crist, 291 N.C. 646, 231 S.E.2d 591 (1977), a motion under Rule 15(a) is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial judge and the denial of such motion is not reviewable absent a clear showing of an abuse of discretion. Garage v. Holston, 40 N.C.App. 400, 253 S.E.2d 7 (1979). Since the record before us fails to indicate the content of defendant's proposed amendment and the circumstances surrounding the court's denial of her motion, we cannot say that the trial court has abused its discretion.

Defendant argues that the trial court erred in dismissing defendant's first and second defenses and her third defense and counterclaim. Defendant argues that her first defense, alleging plaintiff committed adultery after as well as before the separation of the parties, constitutes a valid defense to an action for absolute divorce based on a one year separation.

Prior to 1977, it was the settled law of this State that recrimination was available as a defense in bar of an action for absolute divorce based on the separation of the parties.

This jurisdiction recognizes the doctrine of recrimination, which allows a defendant in a divorce action to set up a defense in bar of the plaintiff's action that plaintiff was guilty of misconduct which in itself would be a ground for divorce.

Hicks v. Hicks, 275 N.C. 370, 373, 167 S.E.2d 761, 763 (1969). See also, Harrington v. Harrington, 286 N.C. 260, 210 S.E.2d 190 (1974); Pharr v. Pharr, 223 N.C. 115, 25 S.E.2d 471 (1943); Byers v. Byers, 223 N.C. 85, 25 S.E.2d 466 (1943); 1 Lee, N.C. Family Law § 88, p. 338 (1963).

The 1977 General Assembly amended G.S. 50-6 to specifically deny recrimination as a defense to an action for absolute divorce based on the separation of the parties.

Section 1. G.S. 50-6, as it appears in the 1976 Replacement of Volume 2A, is amended by adding the following sentences at the end thereof:

"A plea of Res judicata or of recrimination with respect to any provision of G.S. 50-5 shall not be a bar to either party obtaining a divorce on this ground . . . ."

Sec. 2. This act shall become effective August 1, 1977, and shall not affect pending litigation.

1977 N.C. Sess. Laws, ch. 817.

We note that in the 1977 Second Session, the General Assembly again amended G.S. 50-6 to include actions brought pursuant to the provisions of G.S. 50-7 within the new rule. 1977 N.C. Sess. Laws, 2d Sess., ch. 1190.

We hold that the defense of recrimination cannot be asserted in actions for absolute divorce instituted in this State after 31 July 1977. Since the present action was filed on 10 July 1978, the defense of recrimination was not available to defendant. Smith v. Smith, 42 N.C.App. 246, 256 S.E.2d 282 (1979). Defendant in the case before us has argued that since some of the alleged adulterous acts on the part of the plaintiff occurred after their separation, those acts do not fall within the provisions of G.S. 50-6, as amended. We disagree. The 1977 amendment eliminates the Defense of recrimination, and makes no distinction as the factual circumstances under which such a defense might be asserted.

Defendant in her brief argues that her second defense, although not labeled a counterclaim, did in fact state a valid counterclaim against the plaintiff; that this counterclaim was compulsory or at least permissive pursuant to Rule 13(b) of the Rules of Civil Procedure; and that it was error for the trial court to strike it, either in context of a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment. We cannot agree. The "defense" or "counterclaim" is set forth in defendant's answer, as follows:

BY WAY OF FURTHER ANSWER AND DEFENSE, the defendant alleges that the plaintiff secured a Deed of Separation from the defendant by fraud by misrepresentation to his wife that he had not been seeing another woman during the course of their marriage when in fact he was regularly committing adultery with another woman. This misrepresentation of material fact caused the defendant to enter a Deed of Separation which she would not otherwise have entered into.

These allegations, considered in the most favorable possible light, do not state or constitute an action for alimony or for child custody or support. Such rights defendant may have asserted in a "counterclaim" or in a cross-action for divorce from bed and board, alimony without divorce, or for absolute divorce pursuant to the appropriate respective provisions of Chapter 50 of the General Statutes. There is no basis set forth in defendant's second defense for relief of any form provided under our statutes governing divorce, alimony, and child support. Moreover, defendant did not pray for any such relief, but prayed for damages, actual and punitive.

The alleged misconduct set forth in defendant's second defense falls clearly within the doctrine of recrimination discussed earlier in this opinion, and therefore was not available to defendant as a defense to plaintiff's action for divorce.

Defendant also argues that the trial court erred in dismissing her counterclaim based on the plaintiff's alleged alienation of the affections of their son, Gary Wade Edwards. We note that the question whether a parent may recover from another parent for alienating the affections of their child is a matter of first impression in this State. The general rule is that, absent allegations of seduction or abduction, no such action will lie:

It has so far been generally held in this country that the relation of parent...