Embler v. Embler

• Decision Date: 17 April 2001
• Docket Number: No. COA00-24.,COA00-24.
• Citation: 545 S.E.2d 259,143 NC App. 162
• Parties: Joann Upchurch EMBLER v. Henry James EMBLER, II.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

545 S.E.2d 259

143 NC App. 162

Joann Upchurch EMBLER v. Henry James EMBLER, II.

No. COA00-24.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

April 17, 2001.

Rudolf, Maher, Widenhouse & Fialko, by M. Gordon Widenhouse, Chapel Hill, for plaintiff-appellee.

Cheshire, Parker, Schneider, Wells & Bryan, by Jonathan McGirt, Raleigh, for defendant-appellant.

BIGGS, Judge.

Defendant-appellant appeals from an Equitable Distribution Order entered by the trial court. We find this appeal to be interlocutory in nature, and further find that no substantial right of defendant's will be lost without immediate review. Accordingly, we allow plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss Interlocutory Appeal, filed 7 June 2000.

Henry Embler, defendant-appellant, and Joann Embler, plaintiff-appellee, were married in 1976, separated in 1993, and were divorced in 1996. The couple had one child from the marriage. On 10 June 1996, plaintiff filed a complaint seeking custody, child support, attorneys' fees, absolute divorce, and equitable distribution. Defendant filed a counterclaim for custody and child support. The plaintiff's claim for equitable distribution was heard before Judge Honeycutt on 15 March 1999. On 2 September 1999, the court entered an order finding that the distributional factors in plaintiff's favor outweighed those in defendant's favor. The trial judge awarded plaintiff sixty percent (60%) of the marital estate; distributed specific property to each party; and ordered the defendant to pay a distributive award of over $24,000 to the plaintiff. The court's order also states that "the issue of alimony has not yet been heard." (emphasis added).

Defendant appealed from the equitable distribution order on 30 September 1999. Several months later, on 20 January 2000, the parties signed a consent order regarding child custody. Although a dispute subsequently arose regarding the location where the parties would exchange the child, this was resolved in an Order entered 31 March 2000, leaving no further disputes regarding child custody. On 1 May 2000 the defendant filed a Motion to Amend the Record, and a Petition for Writ of Certiorari. The Motion to Amend sought to insert into the Record a missing transcript page and a copy of the Order resolving the dispute between the parties over where to exchange their child. The Petition asked this Court to entertain the appeal, notwithstanding the fact that the defendant's appeal is from an order entered prior to resolution of the issues of custody, child support, or alimony.

On 7 June 2000, plaintiff filed a Motion to Dismiss Interlocutory Appeal. Plaintiff's Motion sought dismissal of defendant's appeal on the ground that it had been filed before a final resolution of all issues in the case. On 8 June 2000, plaintiff notified defendant of her intention to seek a 31 July 2000 hearing on the issue of alimony. On 31 July 2000, plaintiff filed a Motion to Amend the Record, seeking to add a Cross Assignment of Error and several documents to the Record.

On 28 February 2001, this Court issued orders denying defendant's Petition for Writ of Certiorari, and allowing plaintiff's Motion to Amend the Record. We have allowed defendant's Motion to Amend the Record. Upon review of the record, briefs of the parties and applicable law, this Court concludes that defendant has appealed prematurely, from an interlocutory order that is not immediately appealable. Accordingly, we allow plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss Interlocutory Appeal.

A judicial order is either "interlocutory or the final determination of the rights of the parties." N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 54(a) (1999). The distinction between the two was addressed in Veazey v. Durham, 231 N.C. 357, 57 S.E.2d 377 (1950), wherein the Court stated:

A final judgment is one which disposes of the cause as to all the parties, leaving nothing to be judicially determined between them in the trial court.... An interlocutory order is one made during the pendency of an action, which does not dispose of the case, but leaves it for further action by the trial court in order to settle and determine the entire controversy.

Id. at 361-62, 57 S.E.2d at 381 (citations omitted). A final judgment is always appealable. However, an interlocutory order is immediately appealable only under two circumstances. First, "if the order or judgment is final as to some but not all of the claims or parties, and the trial court certifies the case for appeal pursuant to N.C. Gen.Stat. § 1A-1, Rule 54(b), an immediate appeal will lie." N.C. Dept. of Transportation v. Page, 119 N.C.App. 730, 734, 460 S.E.2d 332, 334 (1995) (citations omitted). Under Rule 54(b), the trial judge must certify that there is no just reason for delay. Since there was no certification in the instant case, this avenue of interlocutory appeal is closed to defendant.

The other situation in which an immediate appeal may be taken from an interlocutory order is when the challenged order affects a substantial right of the appellant that would be lost without immediate review. Bailey v. Gooding, 301 N.C. 205, 270 S.E.2d 431 (1980); Goodwin v. Zeydel, 96 N.C.App. 670, 387 S.E.2d 57 (1990) (where denial of motion to amend answer would result in forfeiture of any future claim for equitable distribution, a substantial right is at issue and the denial is immediately appealable). This rule is grounded in sound policy considerations. Its goal is to "prevent fragmentary and premature appeals that unnecessarily delay the administration of justice and to ensure that the trial divisions fully and finally dispose of the case before an appeal can be heard." Bailey, 301 N.C. at 209,270 S.E.2d at 434. (citations omitted). "`Appellate procedure is designed to eliminate the unnecessary delay and expense of repeated fragmentary appeals, and to present the whole case for determination in a single appeal from the final judgment.'" Hunter v. Hunter, 126 N.C.App. 705, 708, 486 S.E.2d 244, 245-46 (1997) (quoting Raleigh v. Edwards, 234 N.C. 528, 529, 67 S.E.2d 669, 671 (1951)). An appellant who objects to an interlocutory order should allow the case to proceed, and then bring the issue before the Court as part of an appeal from the final judgment. Yang v. Three Springs, Inc., ___ N.C.App. ___, 542 S.E.2d 666 (2001).

In the instant case, defendant appeals from an equitable distribution order that explicitly left open the related issue of alimony. The parties do not seriously dispute that this was an interlocutory order; even defendant "concedes that, in the strictly formal sense, Appellee has a `pending' claim for alimony." The issue before this Court is whether an immediate appeal lies from this interlocutory order.

Immediate appeal from an interlocutory order depends upon a finding by this Court that delay of the appeal will jeopardize a substantial right of appellant's, causing an injury that might be averted if the appeal were allowed. A substantial right is "one which will clearly be lost or irremediably adversely affected if the order is not reviewable before final judgment." Turner v. Norfolk S. Corp., 137...