Estate of Bayliss by Bowles v. Lee

• Decision Date: 11 April 1984
• Docket Number: No. 15816,15816
• Citation: 315 S.E.2d 406,173 W.Va. 299
• Parties: ESTATE OF J.M.H. BAYLISS by Paul N. BOWLES, Ancillary Administrator v. Rolfe LEE.
• Court: West Virginia Supreme Court

Page 406

315 S.E.2d 406

173 W.Va. 299

ESTATE OF J.M.H. BAYLISS by Paul N. BOWLES, Ancillary Administrator v. Rolfe LEE.

No. 15816.

Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia.

Submitted Jan. 18, 1984.

Decided Feb. 8, 1984.

Rehearing Denied April 11, 1984.

Syllabus by the Court

1. "The doctrine of contribution has its roots in equitable principles. The right to contribution arises when persons having a common obligation, either in contract or tort, are sued on that obligation and one party is forced to pay more than his pro tanto share of the obligation." Syllabus Point 4, in part, Sydenstricker v. Unipunch Products, Inc., W.Va., 288 S.E.2d 511 (1982).

2. "Under our law, co-obligors on a note are jointly and severally liable. If one co-obligor is required to pay the entire obligation, he may seek contribution or reimbursement from his co-obligor for fifty per centum of the amount paid." Syllabus Point 4, Newton v. Dailey, W.Va., 280 S.E.2d 91 (1981).

3. The rule of equal or pro tanto contribution is not absolute if it can be shown that the co-obligors have by agreement made a different allocation as to their liability inter se or one or more of the co-obligors have received a disproportionate benefit from the transaction, then disproportionate contribution may be allowed.

4. "Collateral estoppel is designed to foreclose relitigation of issues in a second suit which have actually been litigated in the earlier suit even though there may be a difference in the cause of action between the parties of the first and second suit. We have made this summary of the doctrine of collateral estoppel:

" 'But where the causes of action are not the same, the parties being identical or in privity, the bar extends to only those matters which were actually litigated in the former proceeding, as distinguished from those matters that might or could have been litigated therein, and arises by way of estoppel rather than by way of strict res adjudicata.' Lane v. Williams, 150 W.Va. 96, 100, 144 S.E.2d 234, 236 (1965)."

Syllabus Point 2, Conley v. Spillers, W.Va., 301 S.E.2d 216 (1983).

5. "When, upon the trial of a case, the evidence decidedly preponderates against the verdict of a jury or the finding of a trial court upon the evidence, this Court will, upon review, reverse the judgment; and, if the case was tried by the court in lieu of a jury, this Court will make such finding and render such judgment on the evidence as the trial court should have made and rendered." Syllabus Point 9, Bluefield Supply Co. v. Frankel's Appliances, Inc., 149 W.Va. 622, 142 S.E.2d 898 (1965).

Paul E. Frampton, J. Thomas Lane, Bowles, McDavid, Graff & Love, Charleston, for appellant.

Charles W. Yeager, Steptoe & Johnson, Charleston, for appellee.

MILLER, Justice:

In this case, we are asked to apply either the doctrine of res judicata or principles of collateral estoppel to reverse the circuit court's judgment.

The Estate of J.M.H. Bayliss brought a civil action based on contribution to recover on what it claimed was a joint indebtedness owed by the plaintiff's decedent Bayliss and the defendant, Rolfe Lee, which totaled $94,846.22. Bayliss had during his lifetime paid the entire amount.

The underlying obligation arose as a result of Bayliss and Lee being shareholders and directors in a corporation which developed a motel complex near Point Pleasant, West Virginia. The project was financed in part with a Small Business Administration (SBA) loan. The project was not successful and the corporation was placed in bankruptcy in September of 1966 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia.

As a part of the bankruptcy proceedings, the trustee in bankruptcy sought to recover against Bayliss and Lee the amount of $150,000 based on a prior obligation they had made with the SBA and the bankrupt corporation to provide this amount of money for additional working capital for the corporation. The referee in bankruptcy found that Bayliss and Lee were jointly obligated on a $150,000 note to the corporation, which enured to the benefit of the trustee in bankruptcy.

Both Bayliss and Lee asserted certain offsets against the obligation which the referee found to be proper. This ruling was reviewed in the federal district court, which essentially concurred with the referee's order. Thereafter, Bayliss made a further appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, which affirmed the district court. Bayliss v. Rood, 424 F.2d 142 (4th Cir.1970).

On remand, the referee in bankruptcy entered a joint judgment against Bayliss and Lee in the amount of $76,570.61, together with interest in the amount of $17,955.71 and costs totaling $319.90, for a total of $94,846.22. As previously noted, this entire amount was paid by Bayliss, whose estate then brought this action in the Circuit Court of Mason County to recover contribution.

In the circuit court, both parties filed a joint stipulation of facts and each moved for summary judgment. Lee argued that equal contribution was inappropriate because after the corporation had been formed Bayliss and Lee had advanced $95,000 and $55,000, respectively, to the corporation. Subsequently, they had withdrawn $125,000 from the corporation, of which $95,000 was kept by Bayliss and $30,000 was received by Lee. Thus, Lee argues, Bayliss was made whole on his original contribution of $95,000, but he only received $30,000 of the original $55,000 contributed, leaving him $25,000 short. Consequently, Lee asserts that equal contribution is not appropriate.

However, Lee's argument falls short factually in that the proceedings in federal court show that while permission by the SBA had been given to withdraw their $150,000 capital contribution, the SBA required both Bayliss and Lee to execute a joint demand note to the corporation. The purpose of the note was to guarantee a contribution of capital to the corporation in the amount of $150,000, as indicated by this statement in Bayliss, 424 F.2d at 145:

"Subsequently, Bayliss and Lee obtained an agreement from SBA that they might temporarily withdraw the $150,000 provided that Bayliss and Lee would restore any withdrawn funds upon demand by Development or by SBA. This agreement as to temporary withdrawal was evidenced in part by a letter agreement executed by Bayliss, Lee and Development dated December 14, 1964, and in part by a demand note of the same date executed by Bayliss and Lee payable to the corporation in the amount of $150,000." (Emphasis in original)

The Circuit Court of Appeals in the course of addressing the argument that the $150,000 demand note and the SBA agreement were executory and unenforceable, characterized the nature of the obligation owed by Bayliss and Lee:

"These agreements certainly created more than a mere executory contract; they created a clear and simple debt from Bayliss and Lee to the corporation, evidenced by the $150,000 note payable upon demand. Bayliss and Lee may not escape their liability for this debt simply by refusing to pay it." Bayliss, 424 F.2d at 146-47.

Thus, it appears that the joint obligation found in the federal bankruptcy court arises by virtue of the $150,000 note executed by Bayliss and Lee in compliance with their SBA commitments. This note obligation was entirely independent of their initial capital contributions.

There is no doubt that the federal bankruptcy court did give Bayliss and Lee credit for any capital contributions made to the corporation, as summarized in note 1 of Bayliss, 424 F.2d at 144 "The total amount due the bankrupt corporation, $77,266.50, was determined from calculations based upon evidence that Lee had paid to the corporation a total of $56,449.83, that Bayliss had paid to the corporation a total of $13,000 and that he was entitled to accrued interest of $1,283.67. Consequently, Bayliss and Lee have paid a total of $70,733.50 of the $150,000, which they were obligated to pay, leaving a balance due of $79,266.50." ¹

The Bayliss Estate does not demand that Lee share equally on the net judgment of $94,846.22 that Bayliss paid. It is acknowledged that prior to the payment of the net judgment, Lee had been credited with a higher share of payments on the $150,000 note, i.e. $59,145.72 to $14,483.67. The Bayliss Estate is willing to give Lee credit for the $59,145.72 paid as against the total obligation. ²

The parties recognize that a right of contribution is basically derived from equitable principles, a point which we addressed in Sydenstricker v. Unipunch Products, Inc., W.Va., 288 S.E.2d 511, 516 (1982):

"The doctrine of contribution also has its roots in equitable principles. The right to contribution arises when persons having a common obligation, either in contract or tort, are sued on that obligation and one party is forced to pay more than his pro tanto share of the obligation. Tennant v. Craig, 156 W.Va. 632, 195 S.E.2d 727 (1973); Hardin v. New York Central Railroad Company, 145 W.Va. 676, 116 S.E.2d 697 (1960); Brewer v. Appalachian Construction, Inc., 135 W.Va. 739, 65 S.E.2d 87 (1951); 18 Am.Jur.2d Contribution § 1, et seq. (1965)." ³

Ordinarily, where two parties are co-obligors on a note and one party pays a disproportionate share of the joint obligation, he is entitled to contribution from his co-obligor. We spoke to this rule in Newton v. Dailey, W.Va., 280 S.E.2d 91, 94 (1981):

"Under our law, co-obligors on a note are jointly and severally liable. If one co-obligor is required to pay the entire obligation, he may seek contribution or reimbursement from his co-obligor for fifty per centum of the amount paid. Cost v. MacGregor, 124 W.Va. 204, 19 S.E.2d 599 (1942); Bringardner v. Rollins, 102 W.Va. 584, 135 S.E. 665 (1926); McKown v. Silver, 99 W.Va. 78, 128 S.E. 134 (1925); Huffman v. Manley, 83 W.Va. 503, 98 S.E. 613 (1919)."

This rule of equal or pro tanto contribution, however, is not absolute if it can be shown that the...