Evans v. Commonwealth
| Decision Date | 23 May 2023 |
| Docket Number | 0817-22-3 |
| Parties | RICHARD LEE EVANS, II v. COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA |
| Court | Virginia Court of Appeals |
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PATRICK COUNTY Marcus A. Brinks, Judge
Jason S. Eisner for appellant.
Susan Hallie Hovey-Murray, Assistant Attorney General (Jason S Miyares, Attorney General; John Beamer, Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Present: Judges Friedman, Callins and White Argued at Salem Virginia
The trial court convicted Richard Lee Evans, II, of assault and battery. On appeal, Evans contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. Finding no error, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
BACKGROUND[1]
M.K.[2] lived with Evans and their young daughter in Patrick County. On the evening of January 23, 2019, M.K. was home with family friends Nick Morris and Maria Carmen DeLeon.[3]Evans arrived home around 9:00 p.m. M.K. testified that Evans appeared intoxicated, noting that he, when intoxicated, would become mad and have an "'in your face' kind of attitude." After he arrived home, M.K. asked Evans for money to reimburse DeLeon for the gas DeLeon would use driving her to the dentist the next day. Evans angrily threw $50 in cash at M.K., saying,
After a while, Evans told M.K. that she had three seconds to return the money he had thrown at her. As Evans counted down aloud, he approached M.K. and "went for" her "sweatshirt and . . . pocket." Reacting to his approach, M.K. stepped backward, tripped into a cedar chest behind her, and landed between the chest and the coat rack. Evans grabbed M.K. by her sweatshirt collar and "put [her] down." He then sat on top of her "lap," straddling her. Evans pressed on the bottom of M.K.'s neck with his hands, pushing her further down, while telling her, "You need to calm down." M.K. had difficulty breathing, pleading to Evans, At some point, their young daughter jumped on Evans's back and exclaimed, "Stop hurting mom."
M.K. testified that throughout this episode, Evans was "angry." Evans finally let M.K. go after she "just stopped moving." After, M.K. experienced soreness in her neck and chest.
M.K. tried to leave the house with their daughter. She asked Morris, who had left the house and returned right after the confrontation,[4] to drive her and her daughter to his mother's house. As they started to leave, Evans pushed M.K. down on the front porch steps, causing her to fall onto the steps. When Patrick County Sheriff's Office Investigator Jessup arrived on the scene, she observed a scratch on M.K.'s lower neck, a cut on her knee, and mud on her pants.
DeLeon and Morris testified for Evans. They both denied seeing any physical altercation between Evans and M.K., but they acknowledged that the two argued about money. DeLeon testified that she saw M.K. on the living room floor "asking for her inhaler" and that she saw Evans sitting on the cedar chest; DeLeon denied seeing Evans sitting on M.K. On rebuttal, the Commonwealth recalled Patrick County Sheriff's Office Investigators Tejeda and Jessup. Investigator Tejeda testified that when he spoke with DeLeon she disclosed that "Mr. Evans was in the wrong," that Evans "did take [M.K.] down to the ground and assault her," that she saw Evans on top of M.K., and that Evans was "aggressive." Investigator Jessup also testified that DeLeon told her "she [M.K.] would end up hurt worse" if she remained in the house with Evans. Both investigators testified that DeLeon stated that M.K. "did not assault" or "put hands on" Evans.
Evans admitted that he and M.K. argued and that he had consumed "half of a six-ounce beer" about an hour and a half before he came home. According to Evans, after telling M.K. she had "five seconds to give me my money or I am going to take it," M.K. lunged towards him, so he "deflected her." He claimed that M.K. then lost her balance and that he grabbed her by her coat to prevent her from falling into the furniture. Evans also testified that, after M.K. claimed to be struggling to breathe, he directed their daughter to fetch M.K.'s inhaler. Evans acknowledged telling M.K., "I don't care if you choke to death." Evans testified that he called 911. By Evans's account, M.K. fell down the porch steps when she left the house with their daughter. Evans testified that earlier in the night M.K. had kicked him and hit him in the back of the head.
Evans moved to strike both at the conclusion of the Commonwealth's evidence and at the conclusion of his case-in-chief. Among other things, Evans argued that the evidence did not support the strangulation charge. He argued simultaneously that "at most" his conduct "rises to the level of assault and battery" and that, because he touched M.K. to "prevent her from not hitting her head," his conduct did not "rise to the level of assault and battery . . . or otherwise touching." The trial court rejected Evans's testimony, concluding that Evans "was upset," grabbed M.K., and "put her to the ground." However, the trial court convicted Evans of the lesser-included offense of assault and battery. Evans appeals.
"When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, '[t]he judgment of the trial court is presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.'" Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 327 (2018)). "In such cases, '[t]he Court does not ask itself whether it believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.'" Secret v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 204, 228 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting Pijor v. Commonwealth, 294 Va. 502, 512 (2017)). "Rather, the relevant question is, upon review of the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. (quoting Pijor, 294 Va. at 512). "If there is evidentiary support for the conviction, 'the reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own judgment, even if its opinion might differ from the conclusions reached by the finder of fact at the trial.'" Chavez v. Commonwealth, 69 Va.App. 149, 161 (2018) (quoting Banks v. Commonwealth, 67 Va.App. 273, 288 (2017)).
Evans's challenge to the trial court's judgment is premised on the contention that because "he was not intoxicated enough to cast doubt on his recollections of that night," his testimony alone, and not that of M.K., should be credited as true. Evans argues that "the evidence established that [M.K.] was the initial aggressor and any contact made by . . . Evans was for the sole purpose of protecting her from harm." We disagree and hold that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Evans's assault and battery conviction.
"Assault and battery are common law crimes." Kelley v. Commonwealth, 69 Va.App. 617, 625 (2019) (quoting Montague v. Commonwealth, 278 Va. 532, 541 (2009)). "Placing an individual in reasonable apprehension of bodily harm constitutes an assault." Id. (citing Parish v. Commonwealth, 56 Va.App. 324, 330-31 (2010)). That is, "[t]o sustain a conviction for assault, the Commonwealth must prove 'an attempt or offer, with force and violence, to do some bodily hurt to another.'" Parish, 56 Va.App. at 329 (quoting Adams v. Commonwealth, 33 Va.App. 463, 468 (2000)). The crime of assault and battery couples such an offer with the "'wil[l]ful or unlawful touching' of another." Id. at 330 (alteration in original) (quoting Wood v. Commonwealth, 149 Va. 401, 404 (1927)). Further, the offer and the unwanted touching must be bound with an intent to do bodily harm. Id. "The unlawful intent may be imputed if the touching 'is done in a rude, insolent, or angry manner.'" Id. at 331 (quoting Adams, 33 Va.App. at 469).
In addition, "determining the credibility of the witnesses and the weight afforded the testimony of those witnesses are matters left to the trier of fact, who has the ability to hear and see them as they testify." Maldonado v. Commonwealth, 70 Va.App. 554, 562 (2019) (quoting Miller v. Commonwealth, 64 Va.App. 527, 536 (2015)). "[T]his Court must accept 'the trial court's determination of the credibility of witness testimony unless, "as a matter of law, the testimony is inherently incredible."'" Canada v. Commonwealth, 75 Va.App. 367, 386 (2022) (quoting Nobrega v. Commonwealth, 271 Va. 508, 518 (2006)). "[W]e may only disturb the trial court's credibility determination if the evidence is 'inherently incredible, or so contrary to human experience as to render it unworthy of belief.'" Lopez v. Commonwealth, 73 Va.App. 70, 84 (2021) (quoting Kelley, 69 Va.App. at 626). Further, "[i]n its role of judging witness credibility, the fact finder is entitled to disbelieve the self-serving testimony of the accused and to conclude that the accused is lying to conceal his guilt." Flanagan v. Commonwealth, 58 Va.App. 681, 702 (2011) (quoting Marable v. Commonwealth, 27 Va.App. 505, 509-10 (1998)).
Evans admitted that he and M.K. argued and that he touched her during the episode. The...
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