Ex parte Solete
Decision Date | 13 February 1980 |
Docket Number | No. 60448,No. 1,60448,1 |
Citation | 603 S.W.2d 853 |
Parties | Ex parte Rogers Anthony SOLETE, Jr |
Court | Texas Court of Criminal Appeals |
Gus A. Saper, Sam W. Dick, Houston, for appellant.
Carol S. Vance, Dist. Atty., and Clyde F. DeWitt, III, Asst. Dist. Atty., Houston, Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.
Before ONION, P. J., and PHILLIPS and TOM G. DAVIS, JJ.
Appeal is taken from an order entered after a hearing in a habeas corpus proceeding in which the appellant sought discharge under an indictment charging him with capital murder.
This appeal presents the question of whether a juvenile can be re-certified to a district court for trial as an adult under V.T.C.A., Family Code, § 54.02, where upon the prior certification a district court in conducting an examining trial found no probable cause and remanded the juvenile to the juvenile court. We hold that the juvenile cannot be so re-certified.
The record shows the petitioner was sixteen (16) years old at the time of the commission of the alleged offense of capital murder (August 25, 1977). On November 1, 1977, the 313th District Court of Harris County, sitting as a juvenile court, waived jurisdiction and certified petitioner to the district court for trial as an adult. On January 12, 1978, the 208th District Court conducted an examining trial in the cause that had been transferred in accordance with said § 54.02. The court found that the State had failed to show probable cause that the petitioner had committed an offense and remanded petitioner to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court.
On February 6, 1978, the State filed a motion in juvenile court requesting it reconsider its previous proceedings, stating that the welfare of the community required adult criminal proceedings against the petitioner.
On March 17, 1978, the 313th District Court, sitting as a juvenile court, after re-assuming jurisdiction, entered an order that the State's petition to declare petitioner a delinquent child was void because it failed to allege an essential element of capital murder, the culpable mental state of "intentionally," and the court found all proceedings pursuant to that petition were void. The State's earlier motion alleged no such contention.
The petition had alleged the reasonable particularity as to time, place, and manner of the acts and the penal law or standard of conduct violated by such acts.
On the same date a "3rd Amended" petition in the same cause was filed, and on September 19, 1978 the juvenile court again waived jurisdiction and certified petitioner to the district court for trial as an adult for the same offense of capital murder. The 209th District Court assumed jurisdiction. A plea to the jurisdiction and a motion to remand the cause to juvenile court were overruled and a second examining trial was held. Probable cause was found, and the petitioner was bound over to the grand jury. On November 8, 1978, petitioner was indicted for capital murder. He then brought this petition for writ of habeas corpus in the 209th District Court seeking his discharge under such indictment. In his petition he alleged, inter alia, that the indictment was "void under the laws of the State of Texas" and in his oral argument in support of his pleadings at the conclusion of the habeas corpus hearing, petitioner's counsel cited to the court said § 54.02 of the Family Code and the holding of this court in Ex parte Menefee, 561 S.W.2d 822 (Tex.Cr.App.1977). 1 Relief was denied, and this appeal was taken.
For the reasons stated in Menefee at p. 824, we conclude that this court may review the question presented by habeas corpus proceedings, though the questions are not the same. The indictments in both were void and the district court had no jurisdiction to proceed in either case, and habeas corpus relief is available.
In Menefee it was held that an indictment returned against a juvenile after discretionary transfer from juvenile court is void if the district court to which transfer is made fails to conduct an examining trial prior to return of an indictment in accordance with V.T.C.A., Family Code, § 54.02(g), (h), (i). The Menefee decision reviewed all the former statutes dealing with discretionary transfer and set forth certain subsections of said § 54.02 as follows:
Referring to statutes, past and present, the Menefee opinion stated:
Referring to the right of the transferred juvenile to an examining trial, Menefee also stated:
The right to an examining trial can be waived by a juvenile who has been certified to the district court, but such waiver must be in accordance with V.T.C.A., Family Code, § 51.09(a). Criss v. State, 563 S.W.2d 942 (Tex.Cr.App.1978). Absent such a waiver, there must be an examining trial or the indictment is void. Menefee has been followed in a number of cases. See White v. State, 576 S.W.2d 843 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Jones v. State, 576 S.W.2d 853 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Hunter, 577 S.W.2d 496 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Chatman, 577 S.W.2d 734 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Rodriguez, 578 S.W.2d 750 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Rogers, 578 S.W.2d 752 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Bittick, 579 S.W.2d 12 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Clark, 579 S.W.2d 11 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Ytuarte, 579 S.W.2d 210 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Juarez, 579 S.W.2d 211 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Ex parte Gloston, 579 S.W.2d 212 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Simonton v. State, 586 S.W.2d 528 (Tex.Cr.App.1979); Watson v. State, 587 S.W.2d 161 (Tex.Cr.App.1979).
Further, in Ex parte LeBlanc, 577 S.W.2d 731 (Tex.Cr.App.1979), the juvenile who had been certified for trial as an adult was given an examining trial by a district court who found no probable cause. Four months later the grand jury returned an indictment against the juvenile. Such indictment was held void in light of Menefee. Talking in terms of the three vital steps that must be accomplished before a juvenile may be tried as an adult, this court in LeBlanc said:
See also Ex parte Spencer, 579 S.W.2d 242 (Tex.Cr.App.1979).
We conclude that once the 208th District Court, sitting as an examining court, found no probable cause on the first certification and remanded ...
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