Fiew v. Qualtrough, 1851

• Decision Date: 29 October 1981
• Docket Number: No. 1851,1851
• Citation: 624 S.W.2d 335
• Parties: D. R. FIEW, et al., Appellants, v. T. J. QUALTROUGH, et al., Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 335

624 S.W.2d 335

D. R. FIEW, et al., Appellants, v. T. J. QUALTROUGH, et al., Appellees.

No. 1851.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Corpus Christi.

Oct. 29, 1981.

Rehearing Denied Nov. 19, 1981.

Larkin T. Thedford, Edna, for appellants.

L. L. Duckett, Duckett, Bouligny & Collins, El Campo, for appellees.

Before NYE, C. J., and UTTER and KENNEDY, JJ.

OPINION

KENNEDY, Justice.

This is a will contest. In 1949, James R. Fiew and Mary Frances Fiew, husband and wife, executed a will, contained in one instrument, which made the essential disposition as follows:

"It is our will and desire that the survivor of us, JAMES R. FIEW or MARY FRANCES FIEW, as the case may be, shall, with the rights and authority below given, have all the estate of every description, real, personal or mixed, which either or both of us may own, to be used, occupied, and enjoyed during the life of such survivor, and that upon the death of such survivor all of such estate shall be the property of our beloved niece, RUBY JEAN FIEW."

At the time of James' death in 1950, the estate consisted of some personal property and an 85.5 acre tract of land in Jackson County (the subject matter of the instant suit), all of which was community property. The will was probated and Mary Frances was named as executrix. The devisee, Ruby Jean Fiew Qualtrough, died in 1972, during the lifetime of Mary Frances. Mary Frances wrote a new will in 1972, which made no specific mention of the realty, and in 1976, conveyed to D. R. Fiew, appellant herein, "all of my undivided one-half interest in and to" the 85.5 acres. Mary Frances died in 1978. This suit was brought by appellees, the heirs of Ruby Jean Fiew Qualtrough, to recover the one-half interest in the realty conveyed to appellant.

The 24th District Court, Jackson County, Honorable Frank H. Crain, Presiding, rendered judgment decreeing the 1949 will of James and Mary Frances to be joint, mutual and contractual, vesting in the survivor a life estate, remainder in Ruby Jean Fiew Qualtrough; that the attempted conveyance to appellant is void and of no force or effect; and that a constructive trust be imposed upon the realty in behalf of appellees. We affirm.

In his first point of error, appellant, without conceding the contractual nature of the instrument, asserts that there is no consideration supporting the alleged contractual provision in the will that each spouse was to have a life estate in all of the property. Appellant contends that since Mary Frances was already entitled to the use and occupancy of the tract for the remainder of her life as part of her Constitutional homestead rights, there was no binding contract between the parties. Appellant cites to this Court the rule in the case of Hill v. Aldrich, 242 S.W.2d 465 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1951, writ dism'd), that no contract between parties can be had creating a legal right which legal right is already owned by the contracting party.

We must first establish that the will in question is in fact a joint and mutual will. Language almost identical to that quoted above was recently construed by this Court in the case of Baugh v. Myers, 620 S.W.2d 909 (Tex.Civ.App.-Corpus Christi, 1981, writ pending). In his opinion holding that the surviving spouse was contractually obligated to dispose of the property according to the terms of the instrument, Justice Young wrote:

"A joint and mutual will creates contractual obligations between the signing parties to dispose of the property according to the plan. Nye v. Bradford, 144 Tex. 618, 193 S.W.2d 165 (1946). This key distinction of the mutuality of obligation imposed on the surviving spouse to dispose of property according to the will is irrevocable upon the death of one spouse. (Citation omitted) ... It was clearly the intent of the parties, by the very terms of the will, to make a testamentary contract to which both parties would be bound. (Citations omitted)."

We hold that the will in this case was joint and mutual.

While there is no real evidence in the record concerning Mary Frances Fiew's homestead rights in the property, we will assume, for argument's sake, that such a valid claim existed. (Certainly any other assumption would render appellant's contention fruitless.)

An examination of two factors indicates that appellant's argument is without merit. First, a homestead right is not a life estate in the pure sense of that term. Rather, "though not an estate in realty, (it) nevertheless partakes of the nature of an estate for life...." Jones v. Dewbre, 13 S.W.2d 233, 234 (Tex.Civ.App.-Austin 1928, no writ) (emphasis supplied). This treatment of the homestead estate as a life estate lasts so long as the property retains its homestead character. Sparks v. Robertson, 203 S.W.2d 622, 623 (Tex.Civ.App.-Austin 1947, writ ref'd). The homestead character, and the homestead right, can be lost through abandonment. E. g., Rancho Oil Co. v. Powell, 142 Tex. 63, 175 S.W.2d 960, 963 (Tex.1943); La Brier v. Williams, 212 S.W.2d 828, 830 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1948, writ ref'd n.r.e.); McDaniel v. Thompson, 195 S.W.2d 202, 203 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1946 writ ref'd). Thus, it cannot be said that the estate in the nature of a life estate to which Mary Frances Fiew would have been entitled was indefeasibly vested as was the true life estate created in the will executed with her husband. While the two ran concurrently, it is obvious that she received an estate in the land as a result of the will to which her Constitutional...