Franco v. State, 4D99-814.
Decision Date | 31 January 2001 |
Docket Number | No. 4D99-814.,4D99-814. |
Citation | 777 So.2d 1138 |
Parties | Ramon FRANCO, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Glenn H. Mitchell, West Palm Beach, for appellant.
Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Heidi L. Bettendorf, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, for appellee.
We withdraw our opinion which was filed on December 6, 2000 and substitute the following.
Appellant was convicted of second degree murder with a firearm and attempted robbery with a firearm. He argues that the trial court erred in the denial of a challenge of a juror for cause and the denial of his motion for disqualification. We reverse.
Appellant was convicted of being the shooter in a murder described in Glatzmayer v. State, 754 So.2d 71 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. granted, 767 So.2d 461 (Fla.2000)(Table, No. SC00-602).
On voir dire, one of the jurors was asked how she would react if appellant did not take the witness stand or put on a defense, and she responded that she would "find him guilty." After further discussion including an explanation about burden of proof quoted in the dissent, the juror's final response was:
As this court explained in Bryant v. State, 765 So.2d 68, 71 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000):
In assessing a juror's competence, the test is "`whether the juror can lay aside any bias or prejudice and render his [or her] verdict solely upon the evidence presented and the instructions on the law given to him [or her] by the court.'" If there is any reasonable doubt about the juror's ability to be impartial, he should be excused. "`Close cases should be resolved in favor of excusing the juror rather than leaving a doubt as to his or her impartiality.'" [citations omitted]
The state responds that this juror stated that "I would like to think I can be impartial." The problem with the state's reliance on that is that it was given before she expressed her problems with the burden of proof and presumption of innocence. This juror never stated that she could follow the law after expressing her problems with the burden of proof and presumption of innocence. There was no attempt to rehabilitate the juror. See Marquez v. State, 721 So.2d 1206, 1207 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)
. Even if she had, it would not have necessarily made her acceptable. Akins v. State, 694 So.2d 847 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997); Huber v. State, 669 So.2d 1079 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996).
The state also cites Mendoza v. State, 700 So.2d 670 (Fla.1997) for the proposition that the trial court is in the best position to assess a juror's demeanor and sincerity, and should not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion. Where, as in this case, a juror expresses views on a defendant's failure to testify or put on evidence, and there is no subsequent change in those views, the trial court's superior vantage point and discretion are of little consequence. We agree with appellant that a new trial is required. Appellant also argues that his motion to disqualify the judge before sentencing should have been granted. The motion to disqualify, which was filed after the jury found appellant guilty, was supported with an affidavit of appellant's counsel, which stated in part:
The affidavit also alleged that appellant's counsel had recently learned that the trial court, in front of other lawyers, had suggested that appellant's counsel had lied to the court about being unable to appear because he was in trial in another case. Appellant also supported the motion with his own affidavit expressing the fear that he would not be sentenced fairly because of the court's animosity towards his counsel.
A trial court's prejudice against an attorney may be grounds for disqualification when such prejudice is of a degree that it adversely effects the litigant. Ginsberg v. Holt, 86 So.2d 650 (Fla.1956). The focus in criminal cases should be on the defendant's rights. Robinson v. Tobin, 547 So.2d 714 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989). We agree with appellant that the trial court should have granted the motion to disqualify. Accordingly, another judge should be assigned for appellant's new trial.
We have considered the other issues raised by appellant and find them to be without merit, except for one sentencing issue, which could arise again after retrial. That issue is whether a life sentence without any form of early release, which can be imposed when sentencing points total 363, is a departure sentence requiring written findings.
Our sentencing guidelines statute, section 921.0014, Florida Statutes (1997) provides in subsection (2):
Appellant, who was fifteen years old at the time this crime occurred, scored 411 points on the sentencing guidelines scoresheet, which corresponded to a recommended sentence of 31.9 years. The trial court sentenced him to life under the above emphasized provision, but did not provide findings which are required if this is a departure sentence. See § 921.001(5) and (6).
Appellant argues that this sentence is a departure sentence requiring written findings, but acknowledges that there is authority to the contrary. In Kalapp v. State, 729 So.2d 987, 990 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999), the defendant was given a life sentence under section 921.0014(2), because his guidelines scoresheet reflected more than 363 points, but the court rejected his claim that written findings were required, stating:
Succinctly stated, Mr. Kalapp's claim of error is that the sentence imposed was a departure from the sentencing guidelines because the sentence exceeded 528 months, and thus the trial court was required but improperly failed to articulate reasons for the departure. We disagree. A plain reading of section 921.0014(2) authorizes the trial court to impose a life sentence if the defendant scores 363 or more points. Accordingly, the sentences imposed in this case did not constitute departure sentences.
See also Stoltzfus v. State, 735 So.2d 549 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)
.
A departure sentence, which requires findings, is defined in ...
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