Frank J. Linhares Co., Inc. v. Reliance Ins. Co.

• Citation: 4 Mass.App.Ct. 617,357 N.E.2d 313
• Parties: FRANK J. LINHARES CO., INC. v. RELIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY et al. 1
• Decision Date: 09 November 1976
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 313

357 N.E.2d 313

4 Mass.App.Ct. 617

FRANK J. LINHARES CO., INC.

v. RELIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY et al. ¹

Appeals Court of Massachusetts, Plymouth.

Argued Jan. 14, 1976.

Decided Nov. 9, 1976.

Donald J. Fleming, Mattapoisett, for plaintiff.

Franklin C. Bronson, North Quincy, for defendants.

Before HALE, C.J., and KEVILLE and ARMSTRONG, JJ.

KEVILLE, Justice.

This is a bill in equity brought in the Superior Court by the owner (Linhares) of a truck against its insurer (Reliance), a contractor (Blanchard), a subcontractor (Jannell) and a subsidiary of the subcontractor (J & S) for loss of the use of the truck and of money as a result of an accident to the truck while it was in the possession of J & S. Linhares has appealed from the entry of an interlocutory decree sustaining the demurrer of three of the defendants, ² from the denial of its motion for leave to amend its bill of complaint and from a final decree dismissing the bill.

The appeal is governed by the rules in existence prior to July 1, 1974, the effective date of the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure. The demurrer was sustained, leave to amend denied, the final decree entered and the appeal taken prior to that date. See Harrison v. Textron, Inc., --- Mass. ---, --- ^a, 328 N.E.2d 838 (1975); COBURN V. GOULD, 3 MASS.APP. --- , 338 N.E.2D 852 (1975)^B. Under the applicable rules, the demurrer was properly sustained if any of its grounds was adequate. Altenhaus v. Louison, 342 Mass. 773, 172 N.E.2d 230 (1961). Greenberg v. Assessors of Cambridge, 360 Mass. 418, 420, 275 N.E.2d 149 (1971).

The bill contains the following allegations. In early 1972 Linhares hired Blanchard to install a hoist on one of its trucks. Blanchard in turn subcontracted the job to Jannell. On June 1, 1972, Jannell instructed a subsidiary, J & S, to return the truck to Blanchard. In the course of delivery the truck was extensively damaged due to the negligence of the J & S driver. The bill is indefinite with respect to the occurrences among the parties between June 1, 1972, the date of the accident, and August, 1973, when Linhares finally regained possession of the truck which had then been repaired. However, the bill alludes to disputes as to who would repair the truck, whether Linhares would release various of the defendants from liability and to what extent insurance would cover the loss sustained. The bill alleges negligence against J & S and unfair and deceptive acts or practices against Reliance, Blanchard and Jannell.

Reliance, Jannell and J & S demurred to the complaint, alleging the following grounds: (1) failure to state a cause of action in equity; (2) existence of an adequate remedy at law; (3) failure to exhaust administrative remedies; and (4) joinder of multifarious claims and defendants. The demurrers were properly sustained as to each of the defendants.

J & S

It is a fundamental principle that, in the absence of a statute specifically conferring equity jurisdiction, a party may not seek in equity what he could obtain in an action at law. Otherwise the defendants' right to trial by jury might be infringed. Proctor v. MacClaskey, 278 Mass. 238, 242, 179 N.E. 600 (1932). Parkway, Inc. v. United States Fire Ins. Co., 314 Mass. 647, 651--652, 51 N.E.2d 436 (1943); Spector v. Loreck, 342 Mass. 685, 688, 175 N.E.2d 262 (1961). Linhares' bill, while lacking in detail, alleged sufficient facts against J & S to state a common law cause of action in tort for negligence. Grueninger v. President & Fellows of Harvard College, 343 Mass. 338, 341, 178 N.E.2d 917 (1961). Having an adequate remedy at law against J & S, Linhares could not resort to equity. Proctor, supra; Parkway, Inc., supra; Spector, supra. The bill states no other cause of action against J & S. Linhares, in fact, has conceded that there is no evidence of unfair or deceptive practices committed by J & S.

Reliance

Linhares' claims against Reliance are essentially claims for unfair and deceptive trade practices under G.L. c. 93A, the consumer protection act. Linhares is not barred by the failure of its original complaint to designate the suit as an action under G.L. c. 93A. ³ It is sufficient that a party allege all of the facts necessary to bring the complaint within the statute or statutes relied upon. Springfield v. Commonwealth, 349 Mass. 267, 270, 207 N.E.2d 891 (1965). The existence of an adequate remedy at law is irrelevant to the claim against Reliance. 'It has long been the law that where equity jurisdiction is specifically conferred by statute, it is no objection that the plaintiff also has a plain, adequate, and complete remedy at law.' Slaney v. Westwood Auto, Inc., --- Mass. ---, --- ^c, 322 N.E.2d 768, 777 (1975). Nevertheless, the pleadings pertaining to Reliance are vulnerable to demurrer because Linhares has failed to state claim for unfair and deceptive practices under c. 93A. ⁴

Among those pleading requirements essential to a suit brought under c. 93A, § 11, inserted by St.1972, c. 614, § 2, are allegations of unfair or deceptive practices by the defendant and the loss of money or property as a result of those practices. Because Linhares had its truck renovated for business, rather than for personal, family or household purposes, the suit falls within the provisions of c. 93A, § 11, rather than within § 9. Pleading criteria under § 9 are set forth in Slaney v. Westwood Auto, Inc., --- Mass. at --- - --- ^d, 322 N.E.2d 768 and in Baldassari v. Public Fin. Trust, --- Mass. ---, --- - --- ^e, 337 N.E.2d 701 (1975). However, a comparison of these two sections of the statute demonstrates that the § 9 pleading requirements calling for allegations of deceptive practices and the loss of money or property resulting from those practices apply to suits brought under § 11 as well.

Linhares has alleged that Reliance 'refused to properly adjust the case' and failed to disclose to Linhares that it was treating the case as a 'third-party claim' against Jannell or J & S, rather than as a claim under Linhares' own policy written by Reliance, 'in such a fashion that (Linhares) might lose some rights under its own insurance contract.' Linhares did not, however, allege that it sought to file a claim with Reliance under its policy, nor did it outline its rights under that policy, contrary to the rule that a written instrument relied upon in an action should be declared on by setting out a copy or such part as is relied on, or the legal effect thereof, with proper averments to describe the cause of action. Franklin v. North Weymouth Coop. Bank, 283 Mass. 275, 281, 186 N.E. 641 (1933); Carpenter v. Suffolk Franklin Sav. Bank, 362 Mass. 770, 772, 291 N.E.2d 609 (1973). Nor did Linhares state any other right it might have lost as a result of having its claim treated by Reliance as a third-party claim.

In sum, the allegations lack the specificity required under the rules in effect prior to July 1, 1974. Leto v. Assessors of Wilmington, 348 Mass. 144, 149, 202 N.E.2d 922 (1964); Moskow v. Boston Redevelopment Auth., 349 Mass. 553, 564, 210 N.E.2d 699 (1965), cert. den. 382 U.S. 983, 86 S.Ct. 558, 15 L.Ed.2d 472 (1966); Greenberg v. Asessors of Cambridge, 360 Mass. 418, 420--422, 275 N.E.2d 149 (1971); SLANEY V. WESTWOOD AUTO, INC., 366 MASS. AT --- , 322 N.E.2D 768^F.

It is to be observed that Linhares' failure to pursue administrative remedies against Reliance before the Commissioner of Insurance may be a ground for a stay of this action but not for its dismissal. The Supreme Judicial Court has delineated three situations under § 11 for the purposes of the exhaustion doctrine: (a) where the entire controversy is within the exclusive jurisdiction of an administrative agency, dismissal of the plaintiff's suit is proper; (b) where there is overlapping administrative and judicial jurisdiction, and the plaintiff seeks only prospective relief, dismissal may be proper, since the plaintiff may reinstate his suit at the termination of the administrative proceedings; (c) but where damages for past conduct are sought which cannot be awarded by the administrative agency, a stay is often preferable since dismissal may give rise to problems in the application of the statute of limitations. J. & J. Enterprises, Inc. v. Martignetti, --- Mass. ---, --- - --- ^g, 341 N.E.2d 645 (1976).

This case falls within situation (c). While G.L. c. 176D, § 7, authorizes the Commissioner of Insurance to issue a cease and desist order upon his finding of an unfair or deceptive practice and affords the Commissioner various punitive powers, the Commissioner is not empowered to award monetary damages to the victim of an unfair practice at the hands of an insurer. Upon the remand of this case which will be ordered, the Superior Court may in its discretion refer the allegations against Reliance to the Commissioner of Insurance for initial determination whether an unfair practice has been committed. See Gordon v. Hardware Mut. Cas. Co., 361 Mass. 582, 587, 281 N.E.2d 573 (1972); [FN5] SDK Medical Computer Serv. Corp. v. Professional Operating Management Group, Inc., --- Mass. ---, --- ^h, 354 N.E.2d 852 (1976); Ricci v. Chicago Merc. Exch., 409 U.S. 289, 302, 93 S.Ct. 573, 34 L.Ed.2d 525 (1973). In that event, under the rule of J. & J. Enterprises, Inc. v. Martignetti, supra, the suit against Reliance and the remaining defendants ⁶ may be stayed by the court pending that administrative ruling.

Jannell

The claim against Jannell under c. 93A is not barred in equity despite the existence of an adequate remedy at law, SLANEY, 366 MASS. AT --- , 322 N.E.2D 768,^I and Linhares' bill with respect to Jannell met the c. 93A pleading requirements. Linhares has alleged that Jannell refused to deliver the truck to which Linhares had a right of possession unless Linhares should agree in writing to release Jannell from warranties on the repairs. We think that the allegation falls within the definition of 'unfair or deceptive trade practices,'...