Fredeen v. Stride

• Decision Date: 08 August 1974
• Parties: Marjorie A. FREDEEN, Respondent, v. Richard L. STRIDE, D.V.M., dba Portland Dog & Cat Hospital, and Maybelle MacDonald, Appellants. *
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 166

525 P.2d 166

269 Or. 369

Marjorie A. FREDEEN, Respondent, v. Richard L. STRIDE, D.V.M., dba Portland Dog & Cat Hospital and Maybelle MacDonald, Appellants.

Supreme Court of Oregon, In Banc ^*.

Argued and Submitted Jan. 7, 1974.

Decided Aug. 8, 1974.

William L. Hallmark, Portland, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs were McMenamin, Jones, Joseph & Lang, Portland.

Frank M. Ierulli, Portland, argued the cause and filed a brief for respondent.

BRYSON, Judge.

Plaintiff brought this action against two defendants for conversion of her dog. The trial court instructed the jury that both defendants were guilty of conversion as a matter of law. The jury returned a verdict against both defendants and awarded $500 for conversion of the dog, $4,000 for mental anguish, and $700 as punitive damages. On appeal defendants contend that the trial court erred in refusing to strike plaintiff's claim for general damages for mental suffering and for punitive damages.

We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. In December of 1969 plaintiff's German shepherd dog, Prince, was shot in the right hind leg while allegedly chasing sheep in Washington County. On Saturday, December 20, plaintiff consulted the defendant Dr. Richard L. Stride, a Portland veterinarian, for treatment of the dog. Plaintiff testified that Dr. Stride advised her that surgery could be performed at a cost of $150 to $300 but that he could not be certain the dog would recover completely. Because plaintiff could not afford the surgery and the dog was in extreme pain, Dr. Stride suggested, and plaintiff agreed, to have Prince put to sleep. Plaintiff left $10 with the doctor for this purpose.

The dog was not put to sleep immediately because the dog was left at Dr. Stride's office on a Saturday and the remains would not be picked up by the sanitation service until Monday. Over the weekend two young kennel helpers, Darold Berube the Gimmie Vance, grew fond of the dog. On Monday Prince was scheduled for disposal, but Berube and Vance asked Dr. Stride if they might try to nurse the dog back to health and find a home for it. Dr. Stride consented.

During the next two weeks Prince made a good recovery from his injury. Defendant Maybelle MacDonald, an acquaintance of Gimmie Vance, learned that the dog was available. She visited Prince, observed his wound, and decided that she would take the dog to a family in California. She took the dog from Dr. Stride's clinic in the middle of January, 1970.

The family in California had obtained a dog, and Mrs. MacDonald was not able to leave the dog in California so when Mrs. MacDonald returned to Oregon she left the dog with her son in Scappoose, Oregon. Approximately six months later, while the son and Prince were visiting Mrs. MacDonald in Portland, plaintiff saw Prince with Mrs. MacDonald. Plaintiff testified that when she asked about the dog, Mrs. MacDonald denied that the dog could belong to plaintiff because the dog had been obtained from a veterinarian in California. Mrs. MacDonald denied making this statement. Plaintiff called Dr. Stride about the incident, and Dr. Stride admitted that the dog was alive and that she was 'entitled to get the dog.'

Neither defendant appeals from that portion of the judgment allowing $500 damages for conversion of the dog. Ordinarily a conversion does not cause the property owner sufficient mental anguish to merit an award of damages for pain and suffering and the amount of damages is limited to the value of the property converted. See Hall v. Work, 223 Or. 347, 360--362, 354 P.2d 837, 366 P.2d 533 (1960).

However, if mental suffering is the direct and natural result of the conversion, the jury may properly consider mental distress as an element of damages. 4 Restatement of Torts § 927, Comment L, states, at 657:

'If the deprivation is the legal cause of harms to the feeling, damages may be allowable for such harms, as where the defendant intentionally deprives the plaintiff of essential household furniture which humiliates the plaintiff, a result which the defendant should have realized would follow.'

Although it is not necessary that the act constituting conversion of plaintiff's property be inspired by fraud or malice, mental suffering is a proper element of damages where evidence of genuine emotional damage is supplied by aggravated conduct on the part of the defendant. In Douglas v. Humble Oil, 251 Or. 310, 445 P.2d 590 (1968), we sustained an award of mental anguish damages against a defendant for entering the plaintiff's home and removing personal property without permission and in plain disregard of plaintiff's rights. See also Hovis v. City of Burns, 243 Or. 607, 415 P.2d 29 (1966) (negligent disinterment of the remains of plaintiff's husband); Hinish v. Meier & Frank Co., 166 Or. 482, 113 P.2d 438 (1941) (invasion of privacy).

The first issue is the liability of defendant MacDonald for plaintiff's mental anguish and for punitive damages. A review of the transcript reveals there is no evidence that defendant MacDonald knew who was the former owner of the dog or what arrangements had been made by the former owner with Dr. Stride and whether or not he had the right to give her the dog. She had never heard of plaintiff, Mrs. Fredeen. Mrs. MacDonald heard through Gimmie Vance's mother that a dog might be available at Dr. Stride's clinic. Gimmie Vance informed Mrs. MacDonald that the dog had been injured and would have to be disposed of unless a home could be found. Defendant MacDonald visited the clinic, observed the dog, and noticed that it limped slightly and that the hair had been shaved in the area of the injury. She testified that she knew the dog may have been shot in the leg but was told nothing about the owner. Her sole purpose in taking the dog was similar to that of the kennel attendants, Berube and Vance. She thought she knew of a home for the dog in California. She paid nothing to Dr. Stride for the dog other than the charge for a rabies shot, necessary to transport the dog to California.

We believe that Mrs. MacDonald could reasonably assume that a veterinarian like Dr. Stride would not offer a dog to strangers without charge unless he was justified in doing so. Her action was taken on the strength of information supplied by Dr. Stride's assistants, and her motivation under the circumstances was entirely benevolent. She did not intend to deprive the plaintiff of the dog nor did she act in conscious disregard of plaintiff's property rights. There was error in submitting damages for mental anguish and punitive damages to the jury as to defendant MacDonald.

The next issue is the liability of defendant Dr. Stride for plaintiff's mental anguish. As to defendant Stride, the plaintiff testified that because she thought the dog was put to sleep she had nightmares and...