Frykberg v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., C-C-82-531-M.
Decision Date | 23 February 1983 |
Docket Number | No. C-C-82-531-M.,C-C-82-531-M. |
Citation | 557 F. Supp. 517 |
Court | U.S. District Court — Western District of North Carolina |
Parties | Nancy C. FRYKBERG, Plaintiff, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY; and Douglas Turner, Defendants. |
Katherine S. Holliday and Allen J. Peterson, James, McElroy & Diehl, P.A., Charlotte, N.C., for plaintiff.
Harvey L. Cosper, Jr., Golding, Crews, Meekins, Gordon & Gray, Charlotte, N.C., for defendants.
Plaintiff Nancy Frykberg brought this Title VII action alleging that she was discriminated against, harassed, and constructively discharged by defendants on account of her sex. She also raises a pendent state law claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress for which she seeks compensatory and punitive damages. Defendants have moved to dismiss the state law claim. They argue that the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the claim, or, in the alternative, that if the court does have jurisdiction, it should decline to exercise it. Defendants made several other motions to dismiss that have been resolved.
Id. at 726-27, 86 S.Ct. at 1139 (emphasis added).
Defendants do not seriously challenge this court's power to hear plaintiff's claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress. That claim arises from exactly the same conduct by defendants which forms the basis of plaintiff's Title VII claim. It is hard to imagine a clearer example of state and federal claims which derive from a "common nucleus of operative fact" and which a plaintiff "would ordinarily be expected to try ... in one judicial proceeding." This court, therefore, has jurisdiction over the state law claim.
Defendants, however, urge the court to decline to exercise its pendent jurisdiction in this case for several reasons. They claim that:
Defendants' Memorandum at 7-20.
Defendants' first two arguments raise the primary questions the court must consider in deciding under Gibbs whether to exercise its pendent jurisdiction:
First, will the interests of convenience, judicial economy, and fairness to the litigants be served? The convenience and economy of hearing the state and federal claims in one action rather than two is obvious. To send plaintiff to state court on her state claim would require duplication of effort by the parties and their attorneys and by the courts and their personnel. At a time when most state and federal courts are overloaded, two trials should not be conducted where one can fairly do the job.
Trying state claims to a jury and federal claims to the court makes no big deal of the case. Jury trials here frequently take less time and are cheaper than non-jury trials. Even purely federal actions frequently raise both jury and non-jury issues.
As to fairness, defendants have not suggested, and the court does not perceive, any unfairness in trying the various claims together.
The second question is whether the state issues substantially predominate over the federal issues. The bulk of the evidence in this case is likely to concern plaintiff's employment history with State Farm, which bears more on the federal than on the state claim. While under the state claim some additional relief has been sought, and some additional issues will no doubt be raised and proof required, the court does not believe that the state issues predominate at all — certainly they do not substantially predominate over the federal issues.
Other courts have reached conflicting results in answering these questions. Compare Guyette v. Stauffer Chemical Co., 518 F.Supp. 521 (D.N.J.1981) ( ) with Kiss v. Tamarac Utilities, Inc., 463 F.Supp. 951 (S.D.Fla.1978) ( ). This court agrees with the well-reasoned opinion of Judge Debevoise in Guyette:
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