Georgia Hosp. Assoc. v. Ledbetter

• Decision Date: 04 October 1990
• Docket Number: No. S90A1022,S90A1022
• Citation: 260 Ga. 477,396 S.E.2d 488
• Parties: , 18 Media L. Rep. 1174 GEORGIA HOSPITAL ASSOC., et al. v. LEDBETTER, et al.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

Page 488

396 S.E.2d 488

260 Ga. 477, 18 Media L. Rep. 1174

GEORGIA HOSPITAL ASSOC., et al. v. LEDBETTER, et al.

No. S90A1022.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

Oct. 4, 1990.

Reconsideration Denied Oct. 24, 1990.

Jack Spalding Schroder, Jr., Walter G. Elliott, Alston & Bird, Atlanta, for Georgia Hosp. Assoc. Michael J. Bowers, Atty. Gen., Kathryn L. Allen, Asst. Atty. Gen., State Law Dept., John L. Watkins, F.T. Davis, Jr., Long, Aldridge & Norman, Atlanta, for Ledbetter.

James A. Demetry, Dow, Lohnes & Albertson, Atlanta.

William C. Joy, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Atlanta.

Harman, Owen, Saunders & Sweeney, H. Andrew Owen, David C. Will, Richard L. Green, amici curiae.

CLARKE, Chief Justice.

This case involves the Georgia Open Records Act, OCGA § 50-18-70, et seq., as it relates to accreditation reports for the licensing of hospitals. To obtain an operating permit, hospitals may either submit to an inspection by the Department of Human Resources (DHR) or [under OCGA § 31-7-3(b) ] provide DHR with a report by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), a nonprofit Illinois corporation.

Two newspapers sought JCAHO reports. The Georgia Hospital Association (GHA) resisted disclosure. Reports of DHR inspections are routinely disclosed. DHR filed the present action to obtain a ruling on whether the Georgia Open Records Act requires disclosure. The newspapers intervened in the action. The trial court granted the newspapers' motion for summary judgment, denied GHA's motion for summary judgment, and ordered the reports revealed. This court granted a stay pending appeal, and appellants appealed.

1. Are the Records Exempt from Disclosure as Hospital Records Generated to Provide Peer Review?

Records generated to provide peer review are exempted from the requirement that all public records be open for inspection. These records are exempted from disclosure to further the important goals of improving health care and reducing patient mortality and morbidity through candid assessment of health care providers and facilities by peer review.

Appellants contend that the records are protected from disclosure under the Open Records Act by OCGA § 31-7-15(d), which exempts from disclosure hospital records generated to provide peer review as required by subsection (a) of the statute. Appellants insist that the trial court erred in finding that the purpose of DHR in receiving the reports rather than the purpose of JCAHO in preparing the reports controls. Appellants also assert that summary judgment on this issue was inappropriate because the only affidavit concerning the status of JCAHO was the affidavit of appellants that JCAHO is a peer review committee.

Appellees respond that the reports in question are generated as part of the state's licensing activities rather than as peer review, arguing that the reports are generated to comply with OCGA § 31-7-3(b), which deals with licensing, rather than to comply with § 31-7-15, which deals with peer review. We agree. OCGA § 31-7-3(b), enacted earlier than OCGA § 31-7-15, provides that the DHR may accept accreditation from JCAHO. In this provision, JCAHO is referred to as an accreditation body, not a peer review committee. Because under the applicable statute JCAHO is an accreditation body rather than a peer review committee, the affidavits submitted by appellants to show that JCAHO is a peer review committee are not determinative.

2. Are the Records Protected from Disclosure as Records of A Confidential Review Organization?

Appellants insist that the records are protected from disclosure as the records of a confidential review organization under OCGA § 31-7-133. We agree with appellees that JCAHO is not a review organization under § 31-7-131(3) because it is not comprised primarily of "professional health care providers" as that term is defined by § 31-7-131(2).

3. Are the Records Protected from Disclosure as Required by Federal Law?

Next appellants argue that the records are protected from disclosure under OCGA § 50-18-72(a)(1) because they are required to remain confidential under federal law. 42 U.S.C.A. § 1395bb(a); 42 C.F.R. § 401.126(b)(2). Appellees assert that in Harris v. Cox Enterprises, Inc., 256 Ga. 299, 348 S.E.2d 448 (1986), we interpreted this exception to apply only to federal records required by federal law to be kept confidential which are in the hands of a state agency. While the holding of Harris v. Cox Enterprises, Inc. is not as precise as appellees' interpretation, we now adopt that construction of the federal records exception.

The section of the federal statute relied upon by appellants concerns the use of JCAHO accreditation to certify a hospital to receive medicare funds. The section provides:

The Secretary may not disclose any accreditation survey other than a survey with respect to a home health agency made and released to him by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, the American Osteopathic Association, or any other national accreditation body, of an entity accredited by such body, except that the Secretary may disclose such a survey and information related to such a survey to the extent such survey and information relate to an enforcement action taken by the Secretary.

42 U.S.C.A. § 1395bb(a).

OCGA § 50-18-72(a)(1) exempts from disclosure records "specifically required by the federal government to be kept confidential...." The JCAHO surveys in question are not such records. While JCAHO surveys may be used for both DHR licensing requirements and certification for medicare purposes, there is no requirement under OCGA § 50-18-72 that a report generated by or used by the state for state purposes be exempted from disclosure merely because that report would be kept confidential if generated or used by the federal government for federal purposes.

4. Are the Records Protected from Disclosure by DHR Rules?

Appellants argue that the records are protected from disclosure under OCGA § 50-18-70(b) because DHR rules require that they remain confidential. Appellees contend that under the terms of the rule in question, DHR Rule 290-1-2.01, and the language of the Open Records Act, this rule cannot prevent disclosure of the records in question. In any case, when a rule of an administrative agency conflicts with a law of general application, the rule cannot stand. See O'Neal v. Georgia Real Estate Commission, 129 Ga.App. 211, 199 S.E.2d 362 (1973). The agency rule is subordinate to the Open Records Act, and where it is in conflict with the general statute it cannot stand.

5. Was Summary Judgment Inappropriate in This Case?

Finally, appellants' argument that summary judgment was inappropriate in this case because questions of fact remain concerning the relative importance of the public's need to know and the appellants' interest in confidentiality is without merit. This balancing test first enunciated in Houston v. Rutledge, 237 Ga. 764, 229 S.E.2d 624 (1976), was considered in the recent case of Board of Regents v. The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, 259 Ga. 214, 378 S.E.2d 305 (1989). In that case we limited application of the balancing test to those cases in which the issue was an unwarranted intrusion into an individual's privacy. There is no allegation that disclosure of the accreditation reports here would invade...