Givens v. State
| Decision Date | 11 January 1995 |
| Docket Number | A93A1186,Nos. A93A1102,s. A93A1102 |
| Citation | 216 Ga.App. 176,454 S.E.2d 141 |
| Parties | GIVENS et al. v. The STATE. BARFIELD v. The STATE. |
| Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
Criminal attempt, etc. Dougherty Superior Court; Kelley, Judge.
Dorough & Sizemore, Kermit S. Dorough, Jr., Albany, for appellants.
Britt R. Priddy, Dist. Atty., Johnnie M. Graham, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellee.
In Givens v. State, 211 Ga.App. 290, 439 S.E.2d 22 (1993), we affirmed the convictions of Carroll Givens and Arthur Barfield for criminal attempt to possess cocaine. The Supreme Court granted certiorari and reversed our decision in Givens v. State, 264 Ga. 522, 448 S.E.2d 687 (1994).
As the testimony of two eyewitnesses supported the convictions, we determined that the trial court's failure to allow each of the defendants the opportunity to open and conclude closing argument to the jury was harmless. However, the Supreme Court determined that the trial court's denial of opening and concluding closing argument to the jury, for each of the defendants' separate counsel, was harmful error requiring reversal of the convictions.
The Supreme Court acknowledges that the evidence showed that the defendants approached the officers with money in hand, sought to purchase cocaine, received and examined a bag of cocaine and returned it to the officers. Since the sale was not consummated, the Supreme Court finds that the jury could seriously consider the defense of abandonment and therefore the refusal to allow both defendants opening and closing argument was not harmless.
The defendants were charged with criminal attempt to possess cocaine, not criminal attempt to purchase cocaine. The only thing that was not consummated, was the sale; the possession (the basis of the indictment) was completed when the defendants accepted and took possession of the cocaine. The crime was completed upon the possession of the cocaine by the defendants, and you cannot abandon a completed crime. This is a criminal case, not a sale governed by the Uniform Commercial Code with a right of inspection and rejection by the purchaser under OCGA §§ 11-2-512 and 11-2-513(1).
The law provides that the Supreme Court is the final authority, whatever its holding, and accordingly our judgment in this case is vacated and the judgment of the Supreme Court is made the judgment of this court.
Judgment reversed.
POPE and BIRDSONG, P.JJ., concur.
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Brewton v. State, A94A2306
...our judgment in this case is vacated and the judgment of the Supreme Court is made the judgment of this court." Givens v. State, 216 Ga.App. 176, 177, 454 S.E.2d 141. Judgment BLACKBURN and RUFFIN, JJ., concur. ...
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Thogerson v. State
...Id. at 620(1), 409 S.E.2d 226. "This is a criminal case, not ... governed by the Uniform Commercial Code." Givens v. State, 216 Ga.App. 176, 177, 454 S.E.2d 141 (1995). Thogerson cannot require the State to prove as additional elements of a crime requirements engrafted from another, unrelat......