Green v. Director of Revenue State of Mo., 72314

• Decision Date: 17 February 1998
• Docket Number: No. 72314,72314
• Citation: 961 S.W.2d 936
• Parties: Gary Lynn GREEN, Petitioner/Respondent, v. DIRECTOR OF REVENUE STATE OF MISSOURI, Respondent/Appellant.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 936

961 S.W.2d 936

Gary Lynn GREEN, Petitioner/Respondent, v. DIRECTOR OF REVENUE STATE OF MISSOURI, Respondent/Appellant.

No. 72314.

Missouri Court of Appeals,

Eastern District,

Division Two.

Feb. 17, 1998.

Jeremiah W. (Jay) Nixon, Atty. Gen., James A. Chenault, III, Catherine N. Zacharias, Special Asst. Attys. Gen., Mo. Dept. of Revenue, Jefferson City, for appellant.

Malcolm H. Montgomery, Johnson, Montgomery & Maguire, Cape Girardeau, for respondent.

CRANE, Presiding Judge.

The Director of Revenue (Director) appeals from the circuit court judgment reinstating petitioner's driving privileges after a trial de novo. We reverse.

Pursuant to the administrative procedures set out in Sections 302.500-302.540 RSMo (1994), the Director suspended petitioner's driving privileges following a determination that petitioner was arrested upon probable cause to believe he was driving a motor vehicle while his blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was .10 per cent or more. See Section 302.505. The Director subsequently sustained the suspension after an administrative appeal. Petitioner requested a trial de novo with the circuit court under Section 302.535.

On March 4, 1997 the case was called for trial, and both parties presented evidence. Director's evidence submitted to the court consisted of the following: (1) arresting officer's Alcohol Influence Report; (2) BAC Data master maintenance report and certificate of analysis dated September 5, 1996; (3) petitioner's Missouri driving record; (4) Department of Health Regulations; (5) BAC Data master test printout showing petitioner's BAC to be .104 per cent by weight; (6) testimony of the arresting officer on petitioner's September 15, 1996 arrest.

Petitioner's evidence submitted to the court consisted of the following: (1) testimony of petitioner's girlfriend, his passenger on the night of the arrest; (2) petitioner's own testimony; (3) testimony of an expert witness on toxicology and pharmacology.

Petitioner attempted to prove that the results of the breath test showing his blood alcohol to be .104 by weight did not accurately reflect his BAC at the time he was driving because (1) he was wearing false teeth at the time the test was administered, (2) his BAC was rising at the time the test was administered, and (3) a margin of error exists in the Data master breath test results.

After taking the matter under advisement, the trial court entered the following judgment:

On March 4, 1997, petitioner appears in person and by his attorney, Malcolm H. Montgomery, and respondent appears by its attorney, Sarah J. Rohwedder, and petitioner's Petition for Trial De Novo from the Decision of the Department of Revenue is taken up, with testimony presented. The Court finds that although petitioner was arrested upon probable cause to believe he had been driving in violation of an alcohol related offense, the Court fails to find that by a preponderance of evidence, petitioner was driving his motor vehicle at a time when his BAC was at least .10% by weight.

It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED the decision of the Department of Revenue suspending petitioner's driver's license shall be that be rendered void and held for naught, and that all record of suspension of petitioner's driver's licenses resulting from this cause be removed from petitioner's records as generated by respondent.

The Director appeals, claiming that the evidence reflected a blood alcohol content of at least .10% and that petitioner's evidence failed to rebut the Director's prima facie case established by the test results.

On appeal we affirm the decision of the trial court unless it is unsupported by substantial evidence, it is against the weight of the evidence, or it erroneously declares or applies the law. Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976).

At the trial de novo the Director had the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that (1) the driver was arrested on probable cause that he was driving in violation of an alcohol-related offense, and (2) at the time of the arrest, the BAC was .10 per cent or greater. Whitworth v. Director of Revenue, 953 S.W.2d 142, 143 (Mo.App.1997). Petitioner concedes that the Director presented a prima facie case at the trial de novo by presenting evidence there was probable cause to arrest him for driving while intoxicated and evidence that his blood alcohol content was .10 per cent or more. However, petitioner argues that he presented evidence sufficient to contradict the Director's breath test results and that the Director failed to show by a preponderance of the evidence that, at the time of driving, petitioner's BAC exceeded the statutory limit of .10 per cent.

When the Director makes a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the driver to establish that his BAC was not at least .10 per cent when he was driving. Andersen v. Director of Revenue, 944 S.W.2d 222, 223-224 (Mo.App.1997). Because the Director made a prima facie case by establishing probable cause of petitioner's arrest and a valid breath analysis set his BAC at .10 per cent or higher, the burden was on petitioner to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that his BAC was less than .10 per cent when he was driving his vehicle at 12:36 a.m. on September 15, 1996. Id. at 224. Petitioner's expert witness, Dr. Terry Martinez, an associate professor of toxicology and pharmacology at the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, testified that three factors, (1) the rising alcohol situation, (2) the presence of false teeth, and (3) the known standard of error of the Data master machine, caused the breath test results showing petitioner's BAC to be .104 per cent to not be accurate within a reasonable degree of scientific certainty. The Director contends that petitioner's evidence was insufficient to rebut the prima facie case established by the test results.

1. Rising Alcohol Effect

Petitioner testified that he arrived at Leemon's Lounge at 11:30 p.m., drank two beers while at the bar, and chugged the last half of his girlfriend's beer about five minutes before he was stopped at 12:37 a.m. The test was administered at 1:08 a.m. Dr. Martinez testified that it takes between one-half and two hours after ingestion for alcohol to reach its peak in a person's bloodstream. He further testified that although it depends on what is in the stomach, the average is 52 minutes for beer. Petitioner testified that he had not eaten anything since breakfast that morning. Dr. Martinez opined that petitioner's BAC was rising at the time the test was administered.

Dr. Martinez's testimony at the trial de novo regarding the "rising alcohol effect" demonstrates that petitioner's BAC at the actual moment of driving could have been either lower or higher than the .104 per cent recorded 31 minutes after he was stopped. According to Dr. Martinez's "rising alcohol effect" theory, petitioner's BAC could have been falling at the time of the test because peaking could take as little as 30 minutes, especially since petitioner had not eaten anything since breakfast that morning.

When the legislature provided for the...