Guilbeau v. State

• Decision Date: 28 January 1987
• Docket Number: No. 56933,56933
• Citation: 502 So.2d 639
• Parties: Virginia GUILBEAU v. STATE of Mississippi.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 639

502 So.2d 639

Virginia GUILBEAU v. STATE of Mississippi.

No. 56933.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

Jan. 28, 1987.

Rehearing Denied March 4, 1987.

James K. Dukes, Hattiesburg, William F. Dukes, Dukes, Dukes & Keating, Gulfport, for appellant.

Edwin Lloyd Pittman, Atty. Gen. by Billy L. Gore, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, for appellee.

Before ROY NOBLE LEE, P.J., and PRATHER and ANDERSON, JJ.

PRATHER, Justice, for the Court:

Virginia Guilbeau was convicted in the Circuit Court of Hancock County of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute. From a sentence of 20 years in prison, with 5 years suspended, and a fine of $150,000, Mrs. Guilbeau appeals. This Court affirms.

I.

A "sting" operation began in McAllen, Texas where Gregory Ladner, son of the appellant, and Junco Ivan Martinez allegedly hired James Beaupre, an undercover agent with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to receive and store a large quantity of Columbian marijuana. Dennis Bryant, another DEA undercover agent agreed to haul the marijuana to Mississippi in a Ryder rental truck. Martinez gave Beaupre a telephone number for Bryant to call upon arriving in Mississippi. The telephone number was listed in the Hancock County, Mississippi telephone directory adjacent to the name of the appellant, Virginia Guilbeau.

On March 24, 1984, Agent Bryant drove the rental truck full of marijuana to Slidell, Louisiana, where he telephoned the number given to him by Agent Beaupre. Agent Bryant talked to a Spanish-speaking man named Raul and informed Raul that he would arrive at a hospitality center and rest area on Interstate 10 at approximately 9:30 a.m.

Agent Bryant arrived at the rest area in Hancock County at approximately 9:40 a.m. Agent Bryant was driving alone, but following closely behind in a pickup truck was undercover DEA Agent Michelle Ashley. In addition, DEA Agent William Dodge was staked out at the rest area in a Winnebago surveillance vehicle.

After parking the Ryder truck, Agent Bryant got out and began a conversation with Agent Ashley. Shortly, appellant approached the truck, circled behind, and eventually approached Agent Bryant and asked if he was the driver. Mrs. Guilbeau was carrying a piece of paper containing the description and tag number of the rental truck. Mrs. Guilbeau asked Agent Bryant if the truck was locked, to which Agent Bryant responded that the key to the back end of the truck was on the key ring with the ignition key. Agent Bryant then admonished Mrs. Guilbeau to be careful because the truck contained a large load. Mrs. Guilbeau responded, "Yes, I know. Don't worry about it, I have other people in the area and we're going to be taking it along with us."

Agent Bryant turned the keys over to Mrs. Guilbeau and departed with Agent Ashley. Agent Dodge continued his surveillance. Subsequently, the rental truck, driven by a Latin male, exited the rest stop onto Interstate 10 following a white Lincoln automobile driven by Mrs. Guilbeau, and occupied by her son, Gregory Ladner.

The two vehicles eventually turned off I-10 onto Hwy. 603 and eventually found their way to Mrs. Guilbeau's farm on Fire Tower Road.

Agent Audis Jerome Wells was staked out near the Guilbeau farm and observed the Ryder truck parked behind a barn. As Agent Wells drove away from the Guilbeau farm, he was stopped and confronted by Virginia Guilbeau, who had switched to a red automobile. After informing Agent Wells he had no business in her neighborhood, Mrs. Guilbeau traveled to a local sheriff's sub-station where she discovered the DEA's Winnebago surveillance vehicle. Mrs. Guilbeau looked inside the vehicle, pulled on the doors, but the vehicle was locked.

Shortly thereafter, Mrs. Guilbeau was arrested along with her son Gregory Ladner, Junco Ivan Martinez, and Raul Rajas Lazardo. The four were charged with possession and intent to distribute 5,100 pounds of marijuana in violation of Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 41-29-139 (Supp.1986).

Mrs. Guilbeau was tried alone and was found guilty. She was sentenced to a term of twenty years, five years suspended, in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Additionally, Mrs. Guilbeau was ordered to pay a fine of $150,000.

II.

Was the defendant entitled to a directed verdict or a new trial?

Under this assignment of error, the appellant contends:

(1) The State failed to prove she possessed the marijuana;

(2) The State failed to prove she knew there was marijuana in the rental truck; and

(3) The State failed to prove she intended to distribute or transfer the marijuana.

Central to appellant's argument is the fact that this case was a circumstantial evidence case. "Circumstantial evidence is entitled to the same weight and effect as direct evidence and this Court has upheld convictions based solely on circumstantial evidence." ¹ Cardwell v. State, 461 So.2d 754, 760 (Miss.1984). However, where the evidence of guilt is largely circumstantial, the State is required to prove the accused's guilt not only beyond a reasonable doubt, but to the exclusion of every other reasonable hypothesis consistent with innocence. Fisher v. State, 481 So.2d 203, 212 (Miss.1985); Keys v. State, 478 So.2d 266, 267 (Miss.1985).

Also important is the posture of appellant's argument. She contends she was entitled to either a directed verdict or a new trial. The standard under which this Court reviews the denial of a motion for directed verdict was stated in Bayse v. State, 420 So.2d 1050, 1054 (Miss.1982) as follows:

In passing upon a motion for a directed verdict, all evidence introduced by the state is accepted as true, together with any reasonable inferences that may be drawn from that evidence, and, if there is sufficient evidence to support a verdict of guilty, the motion for a directed verdict must be overruled.

Similarly, a new trial will not be ordered unless the Court is "convinced that the verdict is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that, to allow it to stand, would be to sanction an unconscionable injustice." Pearson v. State, 428 So.2d 1361, 1364 (Miss.1983).

Knowledge and Possession

This Court reiterated in Pool v. State, 483 So.2d 331, 336 (Miss.1986) the standard announced in Curry v. State, 249 So.2d 414, 416 (Miss.1971) for determining questions of possession. In Pool and Curry the Court said:

[T]here must be sufficient facts to warrant a finding that defendant was aware of the presence and character of the particular substance and was intentionally and consciously in possession of it. It need not be actual physical possession. Constructive possession may be shown by establishing that the drug involved was subject to his dominion or control. Proximity is usually an essential element, but by itself is not adequate in the absence of other incriminating circumstances.

The Court in Pool further defined constructive possession by quoting Hamburg v. State, 248 So.2d 430, 432 (Miss.1971):

"[O]ne who is the owner in possession of the premises ... is presumed to be in constructive possession of the articles found in or on the property possessed." Id. at 432. This presumption is rebuttable, however, and does not relieve the State of its burden to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. Thus, "[w]here the premises upon which contraband is found is not in the exclusive possession of the accused, the accused is entitled to acquittal, absent some competent evidence connecting him with the contraband." Powell v. State, 355 So.2d 1378, 1379 (Miss.1978). See also Keys v. State, 478 So.2d 266, 268 (Miss.1985).

Pool v. State, 483 So.2d at 336.

The appellant was the owner of the farm and all outbuildings situated on the curtilage thereof on which the truckload of marijuana was found. That fact is sufficient to raise the presumption she constructively possessed the marijuana.

Also, the appellant exercised dominion and control over, and was in the proximity of, the marijuana when she took delivery of the keys to the rental truck from Agent Bryant. Other incriminating factors suggesting appellant had knowledge of possession of the marijuana were: (1) the telephone number given to Agent Bryant to contact was listed under appellant's name; (2) the appellant drove Gregory Ladner and Raul Lazardo to the hospitality center to pick up the marijuana; (3) when appellant took possession of the keys to the rental truck she was holding a piece of paper with the description and tag number of the truck written on it; (4) the rental truck followed appellant's white Lincoln automobile back to appellant's farm; (5) appellant confronted and admonished undercover Agent Wells; and (6) appellant was seen investigating the DEA surveillance vehicle.

Accepting the State's evidence, along with the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, the trial judge committed no error in overruling appellant's motion for directed verdict or in denying appellant a new trial.

Intent to Distribute or Transfer

Mississippi case law indicates that both the quantity of the contraband seized, as well as the nature of the contraband, will be determinative of whether the accused possessed the contraband with the intent to distribute. Coyne v. State, 484 So.2d 1018, 1021 (Miss.1986). See also, Bryant v. State, 427 So.2d 131 (Miss.1983) and Breckenridge v. State, 472 So.2d 373 (Miss.1985).

In the instant case, law enforcement officers seized 118 bales of marijuana weighing approximately 5,100 pounds. Considering this large amount in the light most favorable to the State, with all reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom, the trial judge committed no error in overruling appellant's motion for a directed verdict in the issue of intent to distribute. Similarly, the trial judge was correct in overruling appellant's motion for a new trial.

In addition, this Court holds the jury verdict in the present case was not against the overwhelming weight of the evidence on the issues of knowledge, possession, or...