Harris v. Regional Transp. Dist., No. 05CA0852.

• Decision Date: 28 December 2006
• Docket Number: No. 05CA0852.
• Citation: 155 P.3d 583
• Parties: Roger HARRIS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Respondent-Appellee.
• Court: Colorado Court of Appeals

155 P.3d 583

Roger HARRIS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 05CA0852.

Colorado Court of Appeals, Div. VI.

December 28, 2006.

Roger Harris, Pro Se.

Rolf G. Asphaugh, Denver, Colorado, for Respondent-Appellee.

Opinion by Judge J. JONES.

Petitioner, Roger Harris, appeals the district court's dismissal of his petition for review of a decision by the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Labor (Department) dismissing his unfair labor practice claim against his former employer, respondent Regional Transportation District (RTD), and his labor union, Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1001(ATU). We dismiss the appeal in part and affirm.

I. Background

In July 2001, Harris filed a claim against RTD and ATU charging unfair labor practices under §§ 8-3-108 to 8-3-110, C.R.S. 2006, in connection with the termination of his employment. On September 20, 2004, the Department issued a decision dismissing Harris's unfair labor practice claim on the grounds his allegations did not "fall[ ] within the purview of the Colorado Labor Peace Act."

On October 20, 2004, exactly thirty days after the Department's decision, Harris filed a petition for review in Denver District Court pursuant to C.R.C.P. 106(a)(4) purporting to challenge the Department's dismissal of his unfair labor practice claim. The petition named RTD and ATU as respondents (though Harris never served ATU with a copy thereof), but did not name the Department as a respondent.

In lieu of answering the petition, RTD moved to dismiss the petition for failure to state a claim pursuant to C.R.C.P. 12(b)(5). In its motion, RTD argued that (1) review of the Department's decision could not be sought under C.R.C.P. 106(a)(4), but could only be sought under and in compliance with the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), specifically § 24-4-106, C.R.S.2006; and (2) the petition failed to name the Department as a party, as required by § 24-4-106(4), C.R.S.2006. Harris responded, arguing that he could proceed under either C.R.C.P. 106(a)(4) or § 24-4-106, and that he was not required to name the Department as a party.

On November 18, 2004, the district court granted RTD's motion to dismiss in a written order, ruling that relief from the Department's decision was not available under C.R.C.P. 106(a)(4) because Harris had a remedy under § 24-4-106, and that Harris had failed to name the Department as a party, as required by § 24-4-106. The district court dismissed Harris's petition without prejudice.

On December 31, 2004, Harris filed a motion to amend his petition to name the Department as a party. He did not seek to amend his petition to include allegations under the APA, nor did he submit a proposed amended petition with his motion. Harris claimed the absolute right to amend his petition under C.R.C.P. 15(a) because RTD had not filed a responsive pleading. RTD opposed Harris's motion.

On March 21, 2005, the district court denied Harris's motion to amend. The district court ruled that the motion was both untimely and futile: untimely because it was not filed within a reasonable time before or after the order of dismissal; and futile because an action against the Department would be time barred since the amendment would not relate back.

II. Motion to Dismiss the Appeal

Shortly after Harris filed his notice of appeal in this court, RTD moved to dismiss the appeal based on Harris's failure to file the notice of appeal within forty-five days of the district court's November 18, 2004 order and Harris's failure to file a notice of intent to appeal with the district court, as allegedly required here by § 24-4-106(9), C.R.S.2006. We issued an order to show cause why the appeal should not be dismissed, and a motions division of this court deferred ruling to the division considering the merits of the appeal. Accordingly, we address the motion to dismiss the appeal before turning to the merits.

Harris seeks appellate review of the district court's November 18, 2004 order dismissing his petition and its March 21, 2005 order denying his motion for leave to amend. We conclude that the district court's November 18, 2004 order was a final, appealable order, and that because Harris failed to file a timely notice of appeal as to that order, we lack jurisdiction to review it. Accordingly, we dismiss Harris's appeal of that order. We decline to dismiss the appeal as to the March 21, 2005 order, however. Even assuming that § 24-4-106(9) applies in these circumstances and that Harris failed to comply with it, we nevertheless retain jurisdiction over the appeal of that order, and we choose to exercise our discretion to consider it.

A. November 18, 2004 order

C.A.R. 3(a) provides that an appeal from the district court to the appellate court "shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal with the clerk of the appellate court within the time allowed by C.A.R. 4." C.A.R. 4(a) provides that, in a civil case, a notice of appeal must be filed "within forty-five days of the date of the entry of the judgment, decree, or order from which the party appeals."

The timely filing of a notice of appeal in accordance with these rules is mandatory and jurisdictional. SMLL, L.L.C. v. Daly, 128 P.3d 266, 269-70 (Colo.App.2005); Sheraton Steamboat Corp. v. State Bd. of Assessment Appeals, 765 P.2d 1050, 1051 (Colo. App.1988).

Here, Harris filed his notice of appeal 152 days after the November 18, 2004 order. He argues that his notice of appeal was timely as to that order because it was not a final, appealable order. We disagree.

Ordinarily, the dismissal of a complaint without prejudice is not a final and appealable order. B.C. Inv. Co. v. Throm, 650 P.2d 1333, 1335 (Colo.App.1982); Carter v. Small Bus. Admin., 40 Colo.App. 271, 273, 573 P.2d 564, 566 (1977). Such an order is, however, final and appealable "where the circumstances of [the] case indicate that the action cannot be saved" by an amendment. B.C. Inv. Co., supra, 650 P.2d at 1335; accord SMLL, supra, 128 P.3d at 268; Carter, supra, 40 Colo.App. at 273, 573 P.2d at 566. One such circumstance is where the amended action would be time barred. See, e.g., SMLL, supra, 128 P.3d at 268; UIH-SFCC Holdings, L.P. v. Brigato, 51 P.3d 1076, 1077 (Colo.App.2002); Wyler/Pebble Creek Ranch v. Colo. Bd. of Assessment Appeals, 883 P.2d 597, 599 (Colo.App.1994); B.C. Inv. Co., supra, 650 P.2d at 1335.

In this case, the district court dismissed Harris's petition, concluding that relief was not available under C.R.C.P. 106(a)(4), and that he had failed to name the Department as a party, as required by § 24-4-106(4). Section 24-4-106(4) also requires that such an action be filed within thirty days of the agency's decision. Because the Department issued its decision dismissing Harris's claims on September 20, 2004, more than thirty days before the district court dismissed Harris's petition, Harris could not have saved his petition by amending it to name the Department. Thus, the district court would have been without jurisdiction to consider an APA claim against the Department had Harris asserted one. See Allen Homesite Group v. Colo. Water Quality Control Comm'n, 19 P.3d 32, 34 (Colo.App.2000); see also Buzick v. Pub. Employees' Ret. Ass'n, 849 P.2d 869, 870 (Colo.App.1992); Cheney v. State Mined Land Reclamation Bd., 826 P.2d 367, 368 (Colo.App.1991).

Harris does not contest the requirement that he name the Department as a party. See § 24-4-106(4); Cold Springs Ranch, Inc. v. State Dep't of Natural Resources, 765 P.2d 1035 (Colo.App.1988); Spahn v. State Dep't of Personnel, 44 Colo. App. 446, 615 P.2d 66 (1980). Rather, he argues that (1) he was entitled to amend his complaint as a matter of right to name the Department; and (2) the amendment would have related back to the filing of his petition in the district court (which was within the thirty-day period) under C.R.C.P. 15(c). As discussed in section III below, Harris's first argument is incorrect. His second argument also fails.

C.R.C.P. 15(c) provides that an amendment changing the party against whom a claim is asserted relates back to the date of the original pleading if (1) the amended complaint arises out of the same transaction or conduct set forth in the original complaint; (2) the new party receives notice of the action within the applicable limitations period; and (3) the new party knew or reasonably should have known the action would have been brought against it if the plaintiff had not made a mistake concerning the identity of the proper party. Trigg v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 129 P.3d 1099, 1102 (Colo. App.2005); see also Brown v. Teitelbaum, 830 P.2d 1081, 1084 (Colo.App.1991).

Harris does not explain how the latter two requirements were satisfied in this case. Accordingly, we conclude Harris's proposed amended petition would not have related back to the filing of his dismissed petition. Cf. Spahn, supra, 44 Colo.App. at 447-49, 615 P.2d at 67-68 (district court properly denied motion to amend to add agency as a party pursuant to § 24-4-106 where motion was filed more than thirty days after date of agency's action).

Harris's reliance on Cloverleaf Kennel Club, Inc. v. Colorado Racing Comm'n, 620 P.2d 1051 (Colo.1980); People v. District Court, 200 Colo. 65, 612 P.2d 87 (1980), disapproved of in part by Schaffer v. District Court, 719 P.2d 1088, 1089 n. 1 (Colo.1986); and Best v. La Plata Planning Comm'n, 701 P.2d 91 (Colo.App.1984), is misplaced. Those cases are inapposite. All three cases concerned amendments to change the avenue of review either from C.R.C.P. 106 to the APA (Cloverleaf and People v. District Court), or vice versa (Best). None involved the proposed addition of a new party.

In sum, we conclude the district court's November 18, 2004 order was a final, appealable order, and Harris did not file a timely notice of appeal as to that order. We therefore lack jurisdiction to review it. Harris's appeal of that...