Hinchee v. Fisher

• Decision Date: 06 March 1957
• Parties: Warren D. HINCHEE et ux., Petitioners, v. Charles E. FISHER et ux., Respondents.
• Court: Florida Supreme Court

Page 351

93 So.2d 351

Warren D. HINCHEE et ux., Petitioners, v. Charles E. FISHER et ux., Respondents.

Supreme Court of Florida, Special Division A.

March 6, 1957.

Paul B. Johnson and Herbert Wentworth, Tampa, for petitioners.

William T. Fussel and Cody Fowler, Tampa, for respondents.

DREW, Justice.

May 26, 1955, Charles E. Fisher and his wife, Renee R. Fisher, hereinafter called the Fishers, filed their amended complaint against Warren D. Hinchee and Jean P. Hinchee, his wife, hereinafter called the Hinchees. The complaint alleged that the Fishers in 1953 were the owners of a lease containing an option to purchase said real estate located in Hillsborough County, Florida and that at said time they, the said Fishers, were in a precarious financial condition and were having difficulty meeting the payments on the lease. It is alleged that the Hinchees, friends of the Fishers, suggested to the Fishers that they assign the lease to the Hinchees and that they would proceed to work out a refinancing of the entire property and, when such had been accomplished, would reconvey the same to the Fishers. The complaint then alleges the details of the transaction and of the events which took place in connection with the refinancing and further alleges that after the same was arranged and worked out, the Hinchees refused to reconvey the said property to the Fishers. The Fishers in the complaint admitted owing the Hinchees some $4,500 and alleged that 'plaintiffs now stand ready, willing and able and do tender and offer to pay' such sum and any other amounts found to be due the Hinchees. Such sum of money, however, was not paid into the registry of the court as had been theretofore ordered by the trial judge in the same order he had entered allowing the amended complaint, the allegations of which we have narrated, to be filed. The case lay dormant in the trial court for about eight months and then on February 1, 1956, pursuant to a motion made by the defendants Hinchee, an order was entered by the trial court 'that the motion to dismiss the amended complaint be and the same is hereby granted.' The basis of the motion granted was the failure of the Fishers to pay into the registry of the court the sum of money which had been required by the trial judge in the previous order. It is pertinent to note that the trial court ordered the payment of said sum into the registry of the court within ten days and it was some eight months thereafter before the complaint was dismissed for the failure to do so.

Certiorari was taken to this Court from the order last above mentioned but on motion duly made here the certiorari proceedings were dismissed by us on May 30, 1956 for the reason the order sought to be reviewed was a final decree reviewable only by appeal. Fisher v. Hinchee, Fla.1956, 88 So.2d 640.

July 12, 1956 the Fishers filed another complaint against the Hinchees. A motion to dismiss the complaint was promptly made by the Hinchees on numerous grounds, one of which was that the cause of action alleged was the same as that contained in the former suit, the parties were the same and that, therefore, the plaintiffs were estopped from maintaining said action by the doctrine of res adjudicata. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss and this action is now before us on certiorari.

While the phraseology of the complaint in the latter action differs to some degree from that in the former, we find that the cause of action is the identical one and the litigation is between the same parties. The complaint in the second suit charged defendants with the same conduct, under the same alleged agreement as the first. The prayer for relief in the first suit requested the court to require a conveyance of the real estate to plaintiffs, or to 'impress a lien or constructive trust upon said property for the amount of damages this Court may determine shall be due said plaintiffs,' and 'grant such other relief as it may deem meet and proper.' This prayer and the statements in the body of the first complaint are broad enough to include the relief requested in the second complaint which drops the specific request for direct conveyance, but retains an impressed trust concept.

In Gordon v. Gordon, Fla.1952, 59 So.2d 40, 43, in discussing the question of res adjudicata we said 'We have held as a general proposition that when a final decree or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction becomes absolute it puts at rest and entombs in eternal quiescence every justiciable, as well as every actually adjudicated, issue. This pronouncement is considered by us as controlling only when res adjudicata is the proper test. By this we mean it is not controlling except in an instance wherein the second suit is between the same parties and is predicated upon the same cause of action as was the first.'

In Hay v. Salisbury, 1926, 92 Fla. 446, 109 So. 617 we held that where the essential elements of the cause of action are the same in both cases, res adjudicata applies to preclude the second suit. The fact that an unjust enrichment type of relief is made more explicit in the second complaint does not alter the conclusion that for purposes of applying res adjudicata the second complaint is equivalent to the first. See Murphy v. Murphy, 1942, 151 Fla. 370, 10 So.2d 136; Caldwell v. Massachusetts Bonding and Ins. Co., 1947, 158 Fla. 677, 29 So.2d 694. Broadly stated, the purpose of the doctrine of res adjudicata is to prevent the relitigation of matters and to enforce the court's power to finally determine legal interests. It is the latter aspect of the doctrine which is operative in this case.

In the original suit the trial judge dismissed the...