Howard v. Howard, 15666

• Decision Date: 05 November 1970
• Docket Number: No. 15666,15666
• Citation: 459 S.W.2d 901
• Parties: Ellender Ann HOWARD, b/n/f Mrs. Callie Howard, Appellant, v. Mrs. Tressie P. HOWARD, Appellee. (1st Dist.)
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 901

459 S.W.2d 901

Ellender Ann HOWARD, b/n/f Mrs. Callie Howard, Appellant, v. Mrs. Tressie P. HOWARD, Appellee.

No. 15666.

Court of Civil Appeals of Texas Houston (1st Dist.).

Nov. 5, 1970.

Helm, Jones & Pletcher, Michael A. Moriarty, Houston, for appellant.

Brock & Williams, Norman Whitlow, Houston, for appellee.

COLEMAN, Justice.

This is a suit to determine the proper ownership of $6,000.00 of the death benefits due under a Workmen's Compensation Insurance claim. The outcome of the suit depends on the existence vel non of an alleged common law marriage between appellee. Tressie P. Howard, and the deceased, A. D. Howard.

The suit arose as a dispute among alleged beneficiaries of A. D. Howard. A. D. Howard had been killed in an industrial accident while working for Brown & Root, Inc. Highlands Insurance Company, the Workmen's Compensation death benefit carrier, deposited $12,000.00 into the registry of the court and was fully discharged from further liability on the claim. Appellant, Mrs. Callie Howard, abandoned her claim individually, and other claimants, including siblings of the deceased, and the Second Injury Fund of the State of Texas were removed from the case.

It was stipulated by the remaining parties that Ellender Ann Howard was a minor dependent child of the deceased under the doctrine of adoption by estoppel, and was entitled to one-half of the $12,000.00, as a statutory beneficiary of the deceased. The case then proceeded to trial to determine the proper ownership of the other $6,000.00. The trial court aligned the parties to make appellee, Tressie Howard, the plaintiff.

At the close of plaintiff's evidence, defendant made a motion for an instructed verdict, which the trial court overruled. The jury returned a verdict in response to three special issues finding from a preponderance of the evidence that (1) Tressie and A. D. Howard, after February 11, 1964 mutually and unqualifiedly agreed to become then and from that time husband and wife; (2) that pursuant to such agreement they lived together as husband and wife after February 11, 1964; and (3) they held themselves out as husband and wife after February 11, 1964. A timely motion for judgment non obstante veredicto by defendant was overruled and the court entered judgment for plaintiff.

Appellant's seven points of error all basically challenge the jury's answer to the first special issue inquiring about a mutual, present, unqualified agreement to be husband and wife. Appellant complains that there is no evidence and insufficient evidence to establish a common law marriage.

Appellee was the only witness to testify at the trial. From her testimony it is evident that she and A. D. Howard started to live together sometime in 1959. At the time, A. D. Howard was legally married to appellant, Callie Howard. Appellee continuously cohabited with A. D. Howard until his death on February 24, 1964. Appellee knew about A. D. Howard's previous marriage to Callie Howard, but he told her they were separated. A. D. Howard received a final divorce from Callie Howard on February 11, 1964. On that date he told appellee that he had his divorce and had the papers: 'we was going to get married.'

Tressie Howard testified that on February 12, 1964, she considered herself to be A. D.'s wife. On February 15, 1964, A. D. and Tressie together put a 'women's wedring set' in lay-away at Levit's Jewelers . They were planning a ceremonial wedding at Easter of 1964. Tressie testified about the planned ceremonial wedding: 'We was going to do it the right way after he got his divorce, he wanted to do it right.' She testified that they planned a ceremonial marriage, even though she already considered herself married to A. D ., because 'we were going to do it the right way.' Her testimony could be construed to be that they both felt that their action in living together under an agreement to be married was wrong and that they planned to 'do right' by having a ceremonial marriage. She further testified that it was her understanding that they were going to continue their relationship 'the same way things had been going.'

Appellee further testified that she and A. D. would go out together and would 'socialize' with other people, and that she was known as Tressie Howard to these other people. She testified that she and A. D. had a charge account at a furniture store in the name of Howard, and that she still used the account under the name of Howard. Tressie further testified that she cooked, washed and ironed for A. D.; that he came home to her every evening and she fixed dinner and breakfast for him, and that they slept together in the same room in the same bed, and that they had had sexual intercourse on the Saturday night before he was killed on Monday. She considers him as her deceased husband.

One other piece of evidence was introduced to support Tressie's claim, and that was a page from the 1964 Houston city directory which showed '(Trissie P.)' as the wife of A. D. Howard. This appears to be all the evidence which would tend to support Tressie's claim.

On the other side, Tressie testified that her social security card carried the name Tressie Pete, her maiden name; that she filed separate income tax forms from 1959 to 1964 under the name Tressie Pete; the she is presently using the name Tressie Pete; that she is known as Tressie Pete to the people from whom she is presently renting her house, and that at the place she lived before her present home and after A. D. died she was known as Tressie Pete.

Appellee further admitted signing A. D. Howard's death certificate as Tressie Pete, and that the utility bills for the house where she lived with A. D. were in the name of Tressie Pete. Tressie testified that she considered herself married to A. D. Howard on February 12, 1964 because '* * * we had been together as man and wife.'

The three elements necessary to have a common law marriage are: (1) an agreement presently to be husband and wife; (2) living together as husband and wife; and (3) holding each other out to the public as such. Humphreys v. Humphreys, 364 S.W.2d 177 (Tex.Sup.1963); Ex Parte Threet, 160 Tex. 482, 333 S.W.2d 361 (1960); Shelton v. Belknap, 155 Tex. 37, 282 S.W.2d 682 (1955). All three elements are necessary, but there need not be an express agreement to presently be husband and wife. Humphreys v. Humphreys, supra; Associated Indemnity Corp. v. Billberg, 172 S.W.2d 157 (Tex.Civ.App.--Amarillo 1943, no writ). Further, the existence of the agreement may be implied or inferred from evidence which establishes the other elements, cohabitation and holding out. Humphreys v. Humphreys, supra; Consolidated Underwriters v. Kelly, 15 S.W.2d 299 (Tex.C...